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  3. A Chinese student makes a sentence as follows "He is a rich man who like travelling", The error in that sentence is the result o

A Chinese student makes a sentence as follows "He is a rich man who like travelling", The error in that sentence is the result o

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问题 A Chinese student makes a sentence as follows "He is a rich man who like travelling", The error in that sentence is the result of________.
选项 A、negative transfer
B、positive transfer
C、overgeneralization
D、pragmatic failure
答案A
解析 本题考查二语习得。二语习得者在学习外语的过程中很容易受到母语的影响。母语有利于外语学习叫正迁移(positive transfer)，也叫facilitation)；母语阻碍外语的学习叫负迁移(negative transfer，也叫Interference)。题干例子便是负迁移的表现，因为汉语中谓语动词没有第三人称单数形式。故本题选A。外语习得中还有一些错误，不能用母语的影响来解释，比如He speaked English。这个例子，只能说是学习者过度应用了语法规则，这种现象叫过度概括(overgeneralization)。语用错误(pragmatic failure)则是指学习者按照本民族的文化习惯来表达，结果违反了目的语国家的文化习俗。
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