首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person i
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person i
admin
2014-01-07
69
问题
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of question. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as "nature/nurture".
Those who support the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.
Proponents of the "nurture" theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. Behaviorists see humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. Their view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligent test. This leads some "nature" proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
The "nature" theorists believe that the blacks’ low scores
选项
A、are the result of the educational disadvantages.
B、are a manifestation of the blacks’ poor intelligence.
C、have nothing to do with their true intelligence.
D、have nothing to do with factors other than heredity.
答案
D
解析
将第5段第3句与第3段结合起来,可以确定D为本题答案,只有D才符合“天性论”派对性格与行为形成的看法。A是另一派,即行为主义者的看法;原文该处虽也有intelligent一词,但是“天性论”者关注的并非分数与真正的智力之间的关系,他们关注的是造成黑人分数低下的原因,事实上,原文也没有提到分数和智力之间是否存在某种关系,因此B、C都没有原文依据。
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/TjFK777K
0
专业英语四级
相关试题推荐
HowmanypeoplediedoneregionaloneaftercycloneIvan?
Accordingtothepassage,whatdopeopleoftenthinkaboutastronomers?
Thisyear,likelotsofotherpeople,I’mgoingtotrytomakemyownChristmaspresents.It’snotthefirsttimethatI’veprom
Thisyear,likelotsofotherpeople,I’mgoingtotrytomakemyownChristmaspresents.It’snotthefirsttimethatI’veprom
Mostpeoplehaterockmusic.【C1】______Iamnotanunreasonableorbiasedperson【C2】______nature,twovividandstriking【C3】____
随机试题
油气管道与高压输电线路、交流电气化铁路平行或接近铺设时,平行或接近的管段就会产生(),称为交流干扰电压。
Thebasicwordstockhavefiveobviouscharacteristics.Whyshouldwesaythat"allnationalcharacter"isthemostimportantof
关于β受体阻断剂应用的注意事项,错误的是()
用于阻烟挡火和冷却分割物的喷水系统,不具备直接灭火能力的防火系统是()。
网上累计投标询价发行在一定程度上带有网上竞价发行的特征。()
下列关于财政支出的说法正确的有()。
中药产业是我国的传统产业,但由于技术瓶颈的______,我国中药产品在国际植物药市场中所占份额仅为3%—5%。填入横线部分最恰当的一项是()。
根据以下资料,回答下列题。2008年,生产该型号职员椅5000把,若获得同样多的利润,2006年需要生产该型号职员椅多少把?()
下列矩阵中两两相似的是
Hecametothiscountryforpromotingfriendship______formakingmoney.
最新回复
(
0
)