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  3. Why is it that most of us can remember our precise surroundings the moment that we first learned of John Fitzgerald Kennedy’s as

Why is it that most of us can remember our precise surroundings the moment that we first learned of John Fitzgerald Kennedy’s as

admin2022-10-05  86
问题     Why is it that most of us can remember our precise surroundings the moment that we first learned of John Fitzgerald Kennedy’s assassination, the Challenger explosion or the fall of the Twin Towers, but not say, what grocery aisle we were standing in when the phone call came to remind us to pick up milk? What is it about the timing—or more specifically, the coincidence with intense experience—that seals in visual memories more effectively? That’s the question that a new study from psychologists at the University of Washington set out to answer.
    The study, published online recently in the open-access journal PLoS Biology included a series of four experiments. In each experiment, which included distinct participants, Jeffrey Y. Lin and colleagues showed study subjects 16 photographs depicting familiar landscapes. The first time, participants merely looked at the images; the second time, they were also asked to focus on a number shown in the middle of the image; the third time, they also had to make note of an auditory cue as they looked at the images; and finally, they were shown images with a number in the middle, but told to ignore the number and focus only on the scene depicted.
    Researchers found that, when shown an image later and asked to recall if it had been among those they’d already seen, subjects’ memory formation was consistently best when they had also been trying to concentrate on another task in both the second and third experiments, which involved viewing numbers or hearing audio tones while the images were presented, subjects formed clearer memories than in the first experiment—when they were simply instructed to look at the photos—and than in the fourth experiment—when they were shown numbers in the center of photos, but told to ignore them and focus on the images themselves.
    The findings suggest that it isn’t the novelty of what we’re seeing, but the experience that we are having while we look at something, that determines how well we store it away in our memories. Or, as the authors phrase it, the study results provide "evidence of a mechanism where traces of a visual scene are automatically encoded into memory at behaviorally relevant points in time regardless of the spatial focus of attention." When it comes to making memories, timing is of the essence.
The study shows that people remember a thing better when they ________.
选项 A、concentrate on other things meanwhile
B、strive to remember that thing
C、are strongly attracted by it
D、repeat it constantly in mind
答案A
解析 本题询问人们能更好记住事件的条件，这正是文中研究的结果，文中第三段为研究的结论，与本题相关。其中该段第一句总结说到，研究发现如果看图的同时精力还集中于另一任务(concentrate on another task)。参与者的记忆往往更加清晰，接着第二句进一步阐述此观点在这一研究中的具体表现和反映，即“同时需关注数字或记下声音提示的实验参与者记忆更清晰”，A项的观点与此不谋而合，故A项正确。本题的关键在于定位，需抓住解题句的关键信息作答。B项中的strive to“努力做”以及D项中的repeat it constantly“一直重复”在文中均未提到，故可排除。第四段第一句明确提到，事情本身的novelty“新鲜感”并不能决定记忆的形成，故C项所述实际上与原文意思矛盾，C项也可排除。
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