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  3. Not too many decades ago, it seemed "obvious" both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed peo

Not too many decades ago, it seemed "obvious" both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed peo

admin2022-07-29  98
问题     Not too many decades ago, it seemed "obvious" both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances.
    However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the "obvious" is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else. Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds.
    Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between small-town and big-city residents. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents, yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities.
    Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers. These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young troublemakers.
    Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community’s population size and its social heterogeneity. For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city people are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a multinational outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.
One of the consequences of urban life is that interpersonal relationships among neighbors________.
选项 A、disrupt people’s natural relations
B、make them worry about crime
C、cause them not to show concern for one another
D、cause them to be suspicious of each other
答案C
解析 本题关键词是urban life和neighbors，问题是：城市生活使得邻居间的人际关系如何?定位于第四段。原文第四段第五句提到，如果邻里之间互不相识，他们就不大可能清扫隔壁老夫妇门前的过道(less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door)，也不会帮忙照看一下小捣蛋们(keep an eye out for young trouble makers)，所以城市生活的结果之一便是邻居间的人际关系让他们不会关心彼此，因此选项C与原文属于相同含义，为正确选项。选项A的“people’s natural relations”来自原文第一段，但文章表述的是现代社会改变了(has changed)人们的自然关系而非破坏了(disrupt)人们的自然关系，所以选项A属于偷换概念。选项B的“worry about crime”来自第四段第三句，城市居民确实对犯罪行为更为担心(worry more about crime)，但这是城市生活带来影响的原因，而非结果，因此原文下半句才会说这使他们不信任陌生人(this leads them to a distrust of strangers)，所以选项B属于答非所问。选项D的“cause them to be suspicious of each other”在原文中没有相关信息，属于无中生有。第四段：城市化会影响人们的生活方式，但生活质量并无差异。
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