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  3. Besides active foreign enterprises and a【51】number of private employers, a consequential new development was the development of

Besides active foreign enterprises and a【51】number of private employers, a consequential new development was the development of

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问题     Besides active foreign enterprises and a【51】number of private employers, a consequential new development was the development of employment in state-owned enterprises (Guanying or Guanshang). Started by some【52】Qing officials, the Yangwupai, in the late nineteenth century, sizable state-owned enterprises developed primarily【53】enhancing China’s national defense. Famous industrial giants of today’s China such as the shipyards in Shanghai and heavy industries in cities like Wuhan, Nanjing, and Chongqing were built by the Qing or the Republic government. Some of them later began to【54】considerable private investments. After World WarⅡ, this type of state-owned employment became very important. Labor in those enterprises consisted basically【55】two tiers: a largely market-oriented allocation of blue-collar and some white-collar workers, and a mostly state allocation of most of the white-collar workers including managerial and technical  personnel. The latter was a distorted labor market that featured strong【56】considerations in allocating and managing labor.  Personal and kinship connections, the so-called " petticoat influence", and political【57】were the norm for this type of labor allocation pattern. In a way, it was midway between a rather crude market-oriented labor allocation pattern and the centuries-old, warm, family-based traditional labor allocation. It covered a very small but important portion of the Chinese labor force, and thus【58】our attention. Later, it apparently provided the historical precedent【59】the PRC government to allocate its administrative and technical cadres, even its entire industrial labor force,【60】state employees.  
选项 A、flavor
B、flavoring
C、favored
D、favoritism
答案D
解析 本题测试近形词和同源词。favoritism意为“偏爱”；flavor意为“滋味”，以相近的词形来干扰；flavoring意为“调味品”，以相近的词形来干扰；favored意为“受到优待的”，是favoring的同源词。
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