2. 外语
  3. On the evening before All Saints’ Day in 1517, Martin Luther nailed 95 theses to the door of a church in Wittenberg. In those da

On the evening before All Saints’ Day in 1517, Martin Luther nailed 95 theses to the door of a church in Wittenberg. In those da

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问题     On the evening before All Saints’ Day in 1517, Martin Luther nailed 95 theses to the door of a church in Wittenberg. In those days a thesis was simply a【C1】______one wanted to argue. Today a doctoral thesis is both an idea and an【C2】______of a period of original research. Writing one is the aim of the hundreds of thousands of students who【C3】______on a doctorate of philosophy(PhD)every year.
    In most countries a PhD is a basic requirement for a career in academia. It is an introduction to the world of independent research—a kind of【C4】______masterpiece, created by an apprentice in close collaboration with a supervisor. The requirements to complete one vary【C5】______between countries, universities and even subjects. Some students will first have to spend two years working on a master’s degree or diploma. Some will receive a stipend; others will pay their own way. Some PhDs【C6】______only research, some require classes and examinations and some require the student to teach undergraduates. A thesis can be dozens of pages in mathematics, or many hundreds in history. As a result, newly minted PhDs can be as young as their early 20s or world-weary forty-somethings.
    One thing many PhD students have in common is【C7】______. Some describe their work as " slave labour". Seven-day weeks, ten-hour days, low pay and uncertain prospects are widespread. Whining PhD students are nothing new, but there seem to be【C8】______problems with the system that produces research doctorates(the practical "professional doctorates" in fields such as law, business and medicine have a more obvious value). There is an oversupply of PhDs. Although a doctorate is designed as training for a job in academia, the number of PhD positions is unrelated to the number of job openings. Meanwhile, business leaders【C9】______about shortages of high-level skills, suggesting PhDs are not teaching the right things. The fiercest critics【C10】______research doctorates to Ponzi or pyramid schemes.
A)account I)embark
B)acquirements J)enormously
C)aggressively K)genetic
D)cognitive L)genuine
E)compare M)intellectual
F)complain N)involve
G)contain O)position
H)dissatisfaction
【C4】
选项
答案M
解析 空格位于名词masterpiece之前，应填入形容词。结合句意“博士论文是一种 杰作……”可知，M)intellectual“智力的”为答案。备选形容词中，cognitive“认知的”，genuine“真正的”，genetic“基因的”，均与文意不符，故排除。
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