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  3. It’ s one of our common beliefs that mice are afraid of cats. Scientists have long known that even if a mouse has never seen a c

It’ s one of our common beliefs that mice are afraid of cats. Scientists have long known that even if a mouse has never seen a c

admin2015-06-09  85
问题         It’ s one of our common beliefs that mice are afraid of cats. Scientists have long known that even if a mouse has never seen a cat before, it is still able to detect chemical signals released from it and run away in fear. This has always been thought to be something that is hard-wired into a mouse’s brain.
        But recently Wendy Ingrain, a graduate student at the University of California, Berkeley, has challenged this common sense. She has found a way to "cure" mice of their inborn fear of cats by infecting them with a parasite, reported the science journal Nature.
        The parasite, called Toxoplasma gondii, might sound unfamiliar to you, but the shocking fact is that up to one-third of people around the world are infected by it. This parasite can cause different diseases among humans, especially pregnant women—it is linked to blindness and the death of un-born babies.
        However, the parasite’s effects on mice are unique. Ingrain and her team measured how mice reacted to a cat’s urine (尿) before and after it was infected by the parasite. They noted that normal mice stayed far away from the urine while mice that were infected with the parasite walked freely a-round the test area.
        But that’ s not all. The parasite was found to be more powerful than originally thought—even after researchers cured the mice of the infection, they no longer reacted with fear to a cat’ s smell, which could indicate that the infection has caused a permanent change in mice’s brains.
        Why does a parasite change a mouse’ s brain instead of making it sick like it does to humans?
        The answer lies in evolution. Toxoplasma gondii can only reproduce inside a cat. So the parasite had to develop a way of tricking the mice into getting eaten more easily——thus helping itself go inside a cat--by taking away mice’s sense of alarm.
The underlined part "hard-wired" in Paragraph 1 probably means____________.
选项 A、deeply rooted
B、quickly changed
C、closely linked
D、deeply buried
答案A
解析 词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句中的“into a mouse’s brain(进入老鼠的大脑)，，可知，四个选项中只有root与之搭配合理。A项意为“深深地植入”；B项意为“快速改变”；C项意为“紧密连接”：D项意为“深深地掩埋”。所以A项正确。
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