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Suicide
   Suicide is a serious public health problem. Every year more than 800, 000 people take their own life and there are many more people who attempt suicide. Every suicide is a tragedy that affects families, communities and entire countries and has long-lasting effects on the people left behind. Suicide occurs throughout the lifespan and was the second leading cause of death among 15—29-year-olds globally last year.
   While the link between suicide and mental disorders (in particular, depression and alcohol use disorders)is well established in high-income countries, many suicides happen impulsively in moments of crisis with a breakdown in the ability to deal with life stresses, such as financial problems, relationship break-up or chronic pain and illness.
   In addition, experiencing conflict, disaster, violence, abuse, or loss and a sense of isolation are strongly associated with suicidal behaviour. Suicide rates are also high amongst vulnerable groups who experience discrimination, such as refugees and migrants; indigenous peoples; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex (LGBTI)persons; and prisoners. By far the strongest risk factor for suicide is a previous suicide attempt.
   Suicides are preventable. There are a number of measures that can be taken at population, sub-population and individual levels to prevent suicide and suicide attempts. These include:
   1. reducing access to the means of suicide (e. g. pesticides, firearms, certain medications);
   2. reporting by media in a responsible way;
   3. introducing alcohol policies to reduce the harmful use of alcohol;
   4. early identification, treatment and care of people with mental and substance use disorders, chronic pain and acute emotional distress;
   5. training of non-specialized health workers in the assessment and management of suicidal behaviour;
   6. follow-up care for people who attempted suicide and provision of community support.
   Suicide is a complex issue and therefore suicide prevention efforts require coordination and collaboration among multiple sectors of society, including the health sector and other sectors such as education, labour, agriculture, business, justice, law, defense, politics, and the media. These efforts must be comprehensive and integrated as no single approach alone can make an impact on an issue as complex as suicide.