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  3. Natural selection describes the biological process in which the differences of individuals within a population influences their

Natural selection describes the biological process in which the differences of individuals within a population influences their

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问题     Natural selection describes the biological process in which the differences of individuals within a population influences their abilities to survive and reproduce in an environment. The differences in individuals is a result of their genetic inheritance from their parents. In a population, any characteristic which blocks reproduction success tends to decrease generation by generation. In time, the ill-adapted die out. On the other hand,the individuals who do survive and reproduce will tend to produce offspring which are better adapted to the environment. Natural selection tends to promote adaptations that will increase the organism’s ability to survive in an environment.
    Natural selection can serve to stabilize a population if the new traits, called mutations, are eliminated when they appear because they are not as well-adapted to the environment. The opposite effect is obtained when a new trait is introduced which allows individuals to adapt better over time, the species will change as this mutation becomes more widespread in the population. In human beings, increased brain size helped individuals to adapt better, and so brain size increased gradually in the species. Changes in the overall genetic makeup of a population are normal when there are environmental changes, especially sever environmental disruptions. Specialized adaptations to specific environments can lead, over time, to the development of subpopulation of individuals, ones who are better adapted to particular soil conditions food sources and so on. Given enough time, these subpopulations may develop into separate species, such as zebras and horses, living in distinct environments and not interbreeding.  
Individuals in a population differ from one another because______.
选项 A、they have different success generation by generation
B、they are ill-adapted and eventually die out
C、they have different genetic inheritances
D、they want to survive and reproduce successfully
答案C
解析 题目询问每个个体之间为何都不相同。定位于文章第二句“每个个体的差异是起因于从双亲身上承接了不同的遗传构造”。也就是说每个个体身上均拥有从双亲那里继承的不同的遗传构造，C为正确答案。
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