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  3. In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving difference

In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving difference

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问题     In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence—as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other.
    What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.
    The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution.
    Our strength is weakened by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social programme. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.
    Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other’s problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. "Talk, talk, talk," the advocates of violence say, "all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser." Its rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument, the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. "Possible, my lord," the barrister replied, "none the wiser, but surely far better informed." Knowledge is the prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.
What is the best title for this passage?
选项 A、Advocating Violence
B、Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice
C、Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution
D、The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence
答案B
解析 本题是主旨题，需综合各段主题进行判断。本文各段主题为：第一段：在种族偏见严重的国家，暴力事件正在合法化。第二段：种族问的暴力合法化其实从未解决过问题。第三段：改善暴力现状困难重重，理性的声音没有市场。第四段：法律方案具有建设性，是改变现状的良策。第五段：相互了解沟通是解决问题的前提，而非暴力。综合各段主题可以得出，暴力(violence)无法解决种族偏见(racial prejudice)的问题，沟通(communication)了解才是和平相处的前提。选项B属于全面概括，为正确答案。选项A属于正反混淆，全文旨在说明暴力的危害，以及解决暴力的方法，显然不是倡导暴力。选项C、D属于以偏概全，其中选项C出自第一段第三句话，即“双方的大人物在其他方面都很讲道理，他们却都泰然自若地支持暴力——好像这是一个合法的解决方案(legitimate solution)，就像任何其他合法方案一样。”但是这句话旨在说明暴力成为合法解决问题的方案这一事实，而本文目的是论证这种情况的危害，进而做出改变，因而选项C以偏概全。断章取义。同理，选项D出自第二段第二句话，即 “我们或许西装革履，但我们的本性并未改变。”这句话的目的是指出改变这种现状的困难，同样不是本文论述的重点。
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