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  3. In the 19th century, there used to be a model of how to be a good person. There are all these torrents of passion flowing throug

In the 19th century, there used to be a model of how to be a good person. There are all these torrents of passion flowing throug

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问题     In the 19th century, there used to be a model of how to be a good person. There are all these torrents of passion flowing through you. Your job, as captain of your soul, is to erect dams to keep these passions in check. Your job is to just say no to laziness, lust, greed, drug use and the other sins.
    These days that model is out of fashion. You usually can’t change your behavior by simply resolving to do something. Knowing what to do is not the same as being able to do it. Your willpower is not like a dam that can block the torrent of self-indulgence. It’s more like a muscle, which tires easily. Moreover, you’re a social being. If everybody around you is overeating, you’ll probably do so, too.
    The 19th-century character model was based on an understanding of free will. Today, we know that free will is bounded. People can change their lives, but ordering change is not simple because many things, even within ourselves, are beyond our direct control.
    Much of our behavior, for example, is guided by unconscious habits. Researchers at Duke University calculated that more than 40 percent of the actions we take are governed by habit, not actual decisions. Researchers have also come to understand the structure of habits—cue, routine, reward. You can change your own personal habits. If you leave running shorts on the floor at night, that’ll be a cue to go running in the morning. Don’t try to ignore your afternoon snack craving. Every time you feel the cue for a snack, insert another routine. Take a walk.
    Their research thus implies a different character model, which is supposed to manipulate the neural networks inside. To be an effective person, under this model, you are supposed to coolly examine your own unconscious habits, and the habits of those under your care. You are supposed to devise strategies to alter the cues and routines. Every relationship becomes slightly manipulative, including your relationship with yourself. You’re trying to arouse certain responses by implanting certain cues.
    This is a bit disturbing, because the important habitual neural networks are not formed by mere routine, nor can they be reversed by clever cues. They are burned in by emotion and strengthened by strong yearnings, like the yearnings for admiration and righteousness.
    If you think you can change your life in a clever way, the way an advertiser can get you to buy an air freshener, you’re probably wrong. As the Victorians understood, if you want to change your life, don’t just look for a clever cue. Commit to some larger global belief.
We learn from the passage that the new character model________.
选项 A、has been used to change behavior successfully
B、deals better with emotional aspects of behavior
C、stresses the neural and psychological aspects of habit change
D、can bring about changes in one’s life like what advertisers do
答案C
解析 本题关键词是new character model，问题是从文中我们得知新的品格模式是怎样的。可定位到第五段和第六段。第五段第一句说，……他们的研究暗示了一种不同的品格模式(character model)，该模式应该会对内部神经系统(the neural networks inside)加以操控(manipulate)。第二句说，在这种模式下，想成为高效的人(effective person)，你应该冷静地分析自己的无意识的习惯(unconscious habits)，以及你所在意的那些习惯(the habits under your care)。由此可知，新型的品格模式涉及人们行为习惯的精神与心理层面，因此选项C与原文属于相同含义，为正确答案。选项A和选项B均属于无中生有，文中没有提及“新型模式已经成功改变了行为(change behavior successfully)”，也没有提及“新型模式能够处理行为中的情绪因素(emotional aspects of behavior)”。选项D属于正反混淆，第七段第一句说，如果你认为你可以用一种聪明的方式(in a clever way)改变自己的生活，就像广告商能说服你去买一瓶空气清新剂一样(the way an advertiser call get you to buy an air freshener)，那你很可能错了(probably wrong)。由此可知，新型品格模式很可能无法像广告商那样给人的生活带来变化。第六段：情感能够影响习惯性神经系统。第七段：用全球性的信仰来改变自己的生活。
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