2. 考研
  3. In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、

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问题 In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、D、E、F、G……) to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are several extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. (10 points)

    Last year’s economy should have won the Oscar for best picture. Growth in gross domestic product was 4.1 percent; profits soared; exports flourished; and inflation stayed around 3 percent for the third year.
    (41)______. Jobs insecurity was rampant. Even as they announced higher sales and profits, corporations acted as if they were in a tailspin, cutting 516,069 jobs in 2003 alone, almost as many as in the recession year of 1991. Yes, unemployment went down.
    But over one million workers were so discouraged they left the labor force. More than 6 million who wanted full-time work were only partially employed; and another large group was either overqualified or sheltered behind the euphemism of self-employment. We lost a million good manufacturing jobs between 1998 and 2002, continuing the trend that has reduced the blue-collar work force from about 30 percent in the 1950s to about half of that today. (42)______.
    All this happened in a country where people meet for the first time saying, "What do you do?" Then there is the matter of remuneration. The Labor Department recently reported that real wages fell 2.3 percent in the 12-month period ending this March. Since 1973, wages adjusted for inflation have declined by about a quarter for high school dropouts, by a sixth for high school graduates and by about 7 percent for those with some college education. Only the wages of college graduates are up, by 5 percent, and recently starting salaries, even for this group, have not kept up with inflation. While the top 5 percent of the population was setting new income records almost every year, poverty rates rose from 11 percent to 15 percent. (43)______.
    In previous business cycles, companies with rising productivity raised wages to keep labor. Is the historical link between productivity improvements and income growth served? (44)______. Just think that in 1976, 78 percent of auto workers and steel-workers in good mass production jobs were high school dropouts. But these jobs are disappearing fast. Education and job training are what count. These days college graduates can expect to earn 1.9 times the likely earnings of high school graduates, up from 1.45 times in the 1970s.
    (45)______. American males now toil about a week and a half longer than they did in 1973, the first time working hours have increased over an extended period of time. Women, particularly in poorer families, are working harder, too. Two-worker families rose by more than 20 percent in the 1990s. Seven million workers hold at least two jobs, the highest proportion in half a century. America is simply not growing fast enough to tighten the labor market and push up real wages.

A. Otherwise, an angry, disillusioned and frustrated population—whose rage today is focused on big government, excess taxes, immigration, welfare and affirmative action—may someday be brought together by its sense of diminished hopes. Then we will all be in for a very difficult time.
B. No wonder this is beginning to be called the Silent Depression. What is going on here?
C. The danger of the information age is that while in the short run it may be cheaper to replace workers with technology, in the long run it is potentially self-destructive because there will not be enough purchasing power to grow the economy.
D. So why did so many Americans give the picture a lousy B rating? The answer is jobs. The macroeconomic situation was good, but the microeconomic numbers were not. Yes, 3 million new jobs were there, but not enough of them were permanent, good jobs paying enough to sup-port a family.
E. The earning squeeze on middle-class and working-class people and the scarcity of "good, high-paying" jobs will be the big political issue. Americans have so far responded to their falling fortunes by working harder.
F. White-collar workers found out they were no longer immune. For the fist time, they were let go in numbers virtually equal to those for blue-collar workers. Many resorted to temporary work-with lower pay, fewer benefits and less status.
G. Of all the reasons given for the wage squeeze—international competition, technology, deregulation, the decline of unions and defense cuts—technology is probable the most crucial. It has favored the educated and skilled.

选项
答案B
解析 本题所处的段落对美国人将经济表现评为B级的另一原因进行了说明：报酬问题。该段提到：最近劳工部报告指出到三月末为止，实际薪金水平在十二个月内下降了2.3%。自1973年以来，由于针对通货膨胀进行调整，高中辍学者的薪水降了四分之一，高中毕业生的薪水降低六分之一，而接受过一些高等教育者的薪水降了7%。只有大学毕业生的薪水增加了5%，而最近这些人的起薪也并未随着通货膨胀而增加。然而几乎每年5%位于塔尖者的收入都打破记录，但贫困率却从11%上升到15%。出题处位于该段末尾，因此可能是对段落的归纳总结，由美国的工资水平状况得出"因此现在人们开始把这称为‘沉默的萧条’，这不足为奇"这样的评价符合逻辑。接下来，作者通过"可究竟是怎么回事儿呢?"引出对美国这种经济现象的分析，显然B项符合上下文语义逻辑关系。
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