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  3. The potential of computers for increasing the control of organizations or society over their members and for invading the privac

The potential of computers for increasing the control of organizations or society over their members and for invading the privac

admin2017-03-25  76
问题     The potential of computers for increasing the control of organizations or society over their members and for invading the privacy of those members has caused considerable concern.
    The privacy issue has been raised most insistently with respect to the creation and maintenance of data files that assemble information about persons from a multitude of sources. Files of this kind would be highly valuable for many kinds of economic and social research, but they are bought at too high a price if they endanger human freedom or seriously enhance their opportunities of blackmailers. While such dangers should not be ignored, it should be noted that the lack of comprehensive data files has never before been the limiting barrier to the suppression of human freedom.
    Making the computer the villain in the invasion of privacy or encroachment on civil liberties simply divers attention from the real dangers. Computer data bank files can and must be given the highest degree of protection from abuse. But we must be careful also, that we do not employ such crude methods of protection as to deprive our society of important data it needs to understand its down social processes and to analyze its problems.
    Perhaps the most important question of all about the computer is what it has come and will do to man’s view of himself and his place in the universe. The most heated attacks on the computer are not focused on its possible economic effects, its presumed destruction of job satisfaction, or its threat to privacy and liberty, but upon the claim that it causes people to be viewed, and to view themselves, as machines.
    What the computer and progress in artificial intelligence challenge are an ethic that rests on man’s apartness from the rest of nature. An alternative ethic, of course, views man as a part of nature, governed by nature law, subject to the forces of gravity and the demands of his body. The debate about artificial intelligence and the simulation of man’s thinking is, in considerable part, a confrontation of these two views of man’s place in the universe.
The arrival of the computer has made man______.
选项 A、have more difficulty understanding himself
B、think more like a machine
C、look at himself in a different way
D、gain less satisfaction from his work
答案B
解析 根据文章第四段第二句“The most heated attacks on the computer are not focused on its possible economic effects， its presumed destruction of job satisfaction， or its threat to privacy and liberty， but upon the claim that it causes people to be viewed， and to view themselves，as machines．”可知，文章指出对计算机最猛烈的抨击没有集中在经济上，也没有聚焦在可能对工作满意度的破坏或者它可能对隐私和自由产生的危险上，而是集中在人类被看做像机器样，并且使得人类自身也把自己看作像机器样。据此推断，B项符合题意。
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