A、They don’t know what they are doing exactly. B、They can’t make a precise movement at a high speed. C、They have a full set of c

Why is it that when dogs drink, water seems to go everywhere? When my dog drinks from her bowl, there is no question that water will end up on the floor. It looks like an unorganized way to get a good drink of water. Researchers at Virginia Tech University have been studying how dogs drink. They say dogs know exactly what they are doing. The animals are actually making precise movements at a high speed. This helps them get the fluid they need when they are thirsty. It turns out that neither dogs, nor cats, have a full set of cheeks. This means they cannot suck water like humans or elephants and horses. Dogs lap, or take up the water with their tongues curled backward. As they lap, they move their tongues very quickly to build up momentum. That forces the water into a column and up into their mouths. The Virginia Tech researchers filmed 19 dogs of different sizes and breeds as they drank water. They created different laboratory models to measure tongue motion, and the amounts of water taken in. Using the data from these experiments, the researchers were able to make a model that shows how a dog drinks water. The researchers said that since the mouths of dogs and cats are structured nearly the same way, they thought they would drink water the same way, too. But here is a surprise. The studies showed each family of animals has its own special drinking method. "We know cats and dogs are quite different in terms of behavior and character," said Sunghwan "Sunny" Jung, a study author and an associate professor of biomedical engineering and mechanics at Virginia Tech. "But before we did fundamental studies of how these animals drink fluids, our guess was dogs and cats drink about the same way. Instead we found out that dogs drink quite differently than cats," he said.
    What is the difference? Dogs must quickly move their tongues down into the water using momentum to bring the water up and into their mouths. Cats don’t bend their tongues to drink like dogs. Cats use less momentum and a more gentle action. They just skim, or barely touch, the surface of the water to drink it. "Cats tend to be viewed as neater, dogs are messier, but dogs really have to accelerate their tongues to make good use of the way the fluid column works," said researcher Sean Gart, a Virginia Tech graduate student. Their findings were published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
20. Why does the water seem to go everywhere when dogs drink?
21. What do we learn about animal’s drinking method?
22. How do cats drink water?