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  3. It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his early years largely determine his character and later personal

It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his early years largely determine his character and later personal

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问题     It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his early years largely determine his character and later personality. Every experience teaches the child something and the effects are cumulative. "Upbringing" is normally used to refer to the treatment and training of the child within the home. This is closely related to the treatment and training of the child in school, which is usually distinguished by the term "education". In a society such as ours, both parents and teachers are responsible for the opportunities provided for the development of the child, so that upbringing and education are interdependent.
    The ideals and practices of child rearing vary from culture to culture. In general, the more rural the community, the more uniform are the customs of child upbringing. In more technologically developed societies, the period of childhood and adolescence (青春期) tends to be extended over a long time, resulting in more opportunity for education and greater variety in character development.
    Early upbringing in the home is naturally affected both by the cultural pattern of the community and by the parents’ capabilities and their aims and depends not only on upbringing and education but also on the innate abilities of the child. Wide differences of innate intelligence and temperament exist even in children of the same family. Intelligent parents, however, realize that the particular setting of each family is unique, and there can be no rigid general rules. They use general information only as a guide in making decisions and solving problems.
    All parents have to solve the problems of freedom and discipline. The younger the child, the more readily the mother gives in to his demands to avoid disappointing him. She knows that if his energies are not given an outlet, her child’ s continuing development may be warped. A child must be allowed to enjoy this "messy" but tactile stage of discovery before he is ready to go on to the less physical pleasures of toys and books. Similarly, throughout life, each stage depends on the satisfactory completion of the one before.
As it is presented in the passage, the development of the human character and personality is a seties  of______ rather than a smooth progression.
选项 A、acts
B、stages
C、functions
D、completions
答案B
解析 如本文所述，人的性格和个性的发展是一系列的阶段而不是一蹴而就的。读者会在本文末不止一次地看到stage一词，最后一段写道：一个孩子必须在被允许享受杂乱却可触摸的发觉阶段的乐趣后才能体会到玩具和书本的那种看不见摸不着的乐趣。同样，在整个人生中，每个阶段都依靠于前一个阶段的令人满意的完成。理解了，这一段的意思，我们可体会到人的性格的发展正是从一个阶段向另一阶段完善的过程。由此，A项认为是一系列的行动，显然不对，B项认为是一系列的阶段，与原文相符，C项认为是一系列的职能，这也与原文不符，D项认为是一系列的完成，与原文不符，因此这一题应选B项。
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大学英语四级

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