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  3. Mycenae strands on a hill skirted by two deep ravines. The site is a natural strong point, dominating the plain or Argos. It was

Mycenae strands on a hill skirted by two deep ravines. The site is a natural strong point, dominating the plain or Argos. It was

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问题     Mycenae strands on a hill skirted by two deep ravines. The site is a natural strong point, dominating the plain or Argos. It was first occupied about 3000 B.C. and a new settlement was made about 2000 B.C., which is generally believed to be the time when Greek speakers arrived in Greece. There is clear evidence for a sudden increase in the important and prosperity of this settlement about 1600 B.C., two grave circles have been found, one inside the later walls and containing six shaft graves, excavated by Schliemann in the 1870’s, the other rather earlier in date,(outside the walls, discovered in 1950. These graves contained a mass of gold and other precious objects of great beauty, including import from Minoan Crete and Egypt.
    The power and wealth of Mycenae increased rapidly. There was soon a uniform culture in mainland Greece, stretching from Thessaly in the north to the south of the Peloponnesus, with palaces at Thebes, Athens, Mycenae, Tiryns, and Pylos and probably at other sites not yet discovered. Although the palaces were the administrative centers of separate kingdoms, it seem likely that Mycenae was the leading, if not the dominated, kingdom. From 1500 B.C., the kings of Mycenae were buried in massive stone tombs outside the walls, of which the largest, the so-caller Treasury of Atreus, is a magnificent architectural achievement. About 1450 B.C. the Achaeans, as the Greeks of the Mycenaean period were called, invaded Crete and destroyed all the Minoan palaces except Knossos, which they occupied. Succeeding to and made settlements on the islands and in Asia Minor. The zenith of Mycenaean power and prosperity was in the early thirteenth century; in this period were built the walls, some of which still stand, and the lion gate, by about 1250 B.C., when the defenses were renewed and improved, there is evidence of destruction outside the walls. Trade declined; a period of upheaval and deterioration had begun. Tile Trojan War is thought to have occurred about this time. The traditional date for the fall of Troy is 1184 B.C., but the American archaeologist Blegen, who made the most complete recent excavations and found clear evidence of a prolonged siege, date the destruction of Troy to about 1240 B.C.. It looks as though the Trojan expedition was the last united effort of the Achaeans.
    Mycenae was subjected to three successive attacks in the following years. In the first, the houses outside the walls were destroyed; in the second, the citadel was sacked; in the third, it was finally destroyed and not reoccupied. The other mainland palaces were all sacked around 1200 B.C., presumably by bands of invading Dorian.
Who were the Achaeans, and what did they do in the last half of the 14th century B.C.?
选项 A、They were Dorians that invaded Mycenae and sacked most of the mainland palaces but not Knossos.
B、They were the inhabitants of Troy, and they withstood a long siege in their city, according to the work of an American archaeologist.
C、They were settlers in Asia Minor, and they expanded into the sea trade.
D、They were Greeks in the Mycenaean Period, and they invaded Crete, destroying all the palaces there except Knossos, which they inhabited.
答案D
解析 本题为事实细节题。根据文中第二段的“About 1450 B．C．the Achaeans，as the Greeks of the Mycenaean period were called，invaded Crete and destroyed all the Minoan palaces except Knossos，which they occupied．”可知，在迈锡尼时代，希腊人被称为“Achaeans(亚该亚人)”，他们入侵了克里特岛，毁坏了米诺斯王宫，除了他们已经占领的克诺索斯外。D选项符合原意。A、B和C选项原文并未提及。因此，D选项正确。
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