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  3. It’s difficult to imagine a world without antibiotics. They cure diseases that killed our ancestors in crowds, and enable any nu

It’s difficult to imagine a world without antibiotics. They cure diseases that killed our ancestors in crowds, and enable any nu

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问题     It’s difficult to imagine a world without antibiotics. They cure diseases that killed our ancestors in crowds, and enable any number of medical procedures and treatments that we now take for granted. Yet in 1945, while accepting a Nobel Prize for【C1】________penicillin, Alexander Fleming【C2】________a future in which antibiotics had been used with【C3】________and bacteria had grown resistant to them. Today, this future is approaching. Speaking to reporters last fall, Tom Frieden, the director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,【C4】________a similar alarm: "If we’re not【C5】________, we will soon be in a post-antibiotic era. In fact, for some patients and some bacteria, we are already there."
    The problem【C6】________overuse. Recent research by doctors at Harvard and Women’s Hospital found that the vast majority of antibiotics【C7】________for sore throats and acute bronchitis—an illness almost always caused by a【C8】________, not bacteria—are useless.
    Up to 80 percent of all antibiotics used in the U.S. each year,【C9】________, are given to animals. Antibiotics are the lifeline of the meat and poultry industries, which have used drugs to domestic animals as a means of【C10】________growth and preventing illnesses caused by overcrowding and poor conditions.
    An increasing number of bacterial【C11】________have taken the opportunity to evolve【C12】________the reach of antibiotics. The CDC’s 2013 threat report listed 17 antibiotic-resistant microorganisms that directly cause at least 23,000 deaths each year in the U.S.【C13】________Globally, drug-resistant pneumonia is an ever-increasing threat. Reported cases have【C14】________over the past nine years, killing an estimated 170,000 people last year.
    Although anti-bacterial resistance can be slowed, it is【C15】________. As a result, medicine companies have found antibiotics to be less【C16】________investments than drugs for chronic illnesses, which can be used over the long term.
    If we don’t【C17】________our use of existing antibiotics and commit to developing new ones, the risks are not just medical, but【C18】________The CDC estimates that, in the United States, antibiotic resistance already costs $20 billion in【C19】________health-care spend and $35 billion in lost productivity【C20】________.
【C12】
选项 A、beyond
B、within
C、above
D、below
答案A
解析 所需介词修饰reach“(影响等)所及的范围”。下一句话说到出现了“对抗生素产生抗药性的微生物”，可见细菌进化到抗生素无法杀灭。A项beyond意为“(范围或限度)超出”，正确。B项within意为“在……范围以内”，意思与此处的语义逻辑相反。C项above(“在……之上”)和D项below(“在……之下”)常表示空间上的位置。
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