2. 考研
  3. In the 20th century the planet’s population doubled twice. It will not double even once in the【C1】______century, because birth r

In the 20th century the planet’s population doubled twice. It will not double even once in the【C1】______century, because birth r

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问题    In the 20th century the planet’s population doubled twice. It will not double even once in the【C1】______century, because birth rates in much of the world have【C2】______steeply. But the number of people over 65 is set to【C3】______within just 25 years. This shift in the structure of the population is not as momentous as the【C4】______that came before. But it is more than enough to reshape the world economy.
  【C5】______the UN’s population【C6】______, the standard source for demographic estimates, there are a-round 600m people aged 65 or older【C7】______today. That is in itself remarkable; the author Fred Pearce claims it is【C8】______that half of all the humans who have ever been over 65 are alive today. But【C9】______a share of the total population, at 8%, it is not that【C10】______to what it was a few decades ago.
   By 2035,【C11】______, more than 1. 1 billion people—13% of the population—will be above the age of 65. This is a【C12】______result of the dropping birth rates that are slowing overall population growth; they mean there are【C13】______fewer young people around. The "old-age dependency ratio"—the ratio of old people to those of working age—will【C14】______even faster. In 2010 the world had 16 people aged 65 and over for every 100 adults between the ages of 25 and 64,【C15】______the same ratio it had in 1980. By 2035 the UN【C16】______that number to have risen to 26.
   In rich countries it will be much higher. Japan will have 69 old people for every 100 of working age by 2035, Germany 66.【C17】______America, which has a relatively high【C18】______rate, will see its old-age dependency rate rise by more than 70% , to 44. Developing countries,【C19】______today’s ratio is much lower, will not see absolute levels rise that high;【C20】______the proportional growth will be higher. Over the same time period the old-age dependency rate in China will more than double from 15 to 36. Latin America will see a shift from 14 to 27.
【C4】
选项 A、expansion
B、extent
C、diffusion
D、confusion
答案A
解析 名词辨析题。[A]expansion扩大，增加；[B]extent程度，范围；[C]diffusion传播，扩散；[D]confusion混乱，困惑。本句大意是“人口结构改变不像之前的 4 那么影响深远。”其中原文的before指的是第一句提到的“20世纪”，故这里指的是20世纪的人口增长。显然，四个选项中能够表示人口增长的词是[A]项。
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