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  3. The social sciences, as the name shows, are the scientific study of the behavior of human beings, both in groups and individuall

The social sciences, as the name shows, are the scientific study of the behavior of human beings, both in groups and individuall

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问题     The social sciences, as the name shows, are the scientific study of the behavior of human beings, both in groups and individually. There is no past or present information of human beings who were not in groups. The groups may be small, like the family, or large, like a city or nation. But in order to reach complete development, man must be a member of a society. It is true that some individuals are more solitary than others. Some, like monks or hermits, may decide, for religious or other reasons, to leave their society and live alone. But these are unusual individuals, and even they can not separate themselves completely from the rest of mankind. A society, then, seems to be the natural environment of mankind. Scholars who study mankind in social organizations are called social scientists.
    The human behavior which social scientists study is learned behavior. The behavior of the human body as a living organism is studied by the biologist, the biochemist, or the physician. This behavior of man’s physical body is inherited through the genetic development of his species. For example, all physical normal and healthy humans learn to walk as their bodies grow and develop. Social scientists concern themselves with the behavior that man must learn so that he can take his place in a social group. In order to be a functioning member of a group, each member must learn to behave in a way acceptable to other members of that group. The kind of behavior, which must be learned, differs according to the differences among societies.
    The social scientists are newcomers to academic studies.  By the end of the nineteenth century, the natural sciences had developed a method, by which they were able to understand the physical world.  By using the scientific method, chemists, physicists, and astronomers, for example, learned a great deal about the universe. It seemed reasonable to apply the same method to the study of man’s social life. Through this kind of study man may learn to understand himself much better.
    The scientific method is a way of collecting facts in order to describe an existing situation as correctly and completely as possible. The description must consist only of what can be perceived, analyzed, measured, and recorded. Feelings and personal opinions or ideas have no place in scientific description. The facts must be observed and described in such a way that another scientist could repeat the same study and get the same results.
How does social behavior differ from physical behavior?
选项 A、It is learned.
B、It is inherited from our ancestors.
C、It depends on genetic development.
D、It is the same for all human beings.
答案A
解析 本题是细节题。文章第2段讲到：“The human behavior which social scientists study is learned behavior. ”社会科学家研究的人类行为是后天学习的行为。作为生物体的行为是生物学家、生化学家或医学家所研究的。人类身体的活动是由遗传继承下来的。社会学家所关注的是人类必须学会的某种行为以便在社会群体中生存。B选项和C选项错误，它们都是生理行为，而不是社会行为的特征。D选项与原文内容不符。所以A选项是正确答案。
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