2. 外语
  3. Traditionally, the first firm to commercialize a new technology has benefited from the unique opportunity to shape product defin

Traditionally, the first firm to commercialize a new technology has benefited from the unique opportunity to shape product defin

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问题 Traditionally, the first firm to commercialize a new
technology has benefited from the unique opportunity to
shape product definitions, forcing followers to adapt to a
standard or invest in an unproven alternative. Today, how-
( 5) ever, the largest payoffs may go to companies that lead in
developing integrated approaches for successful mass
production and distribution.
Producers of the Beta format for videocassette recorders
(VCR’s), for example, were first to develop the VCR com-
(10) mercially in 1975, but producers of the rival VHS (Video
Home System) format proved to be more successful at
forming strategic alliances with other producers and
distributors to manufacture and market their VCR format
Seeking to maintain exclusive control over VCR distri-
(15) bution. Beta producers were reluctant to form such alli-
ances and eventually lost ground to VHS in the compe-
tition for the global VCR market.
Despite Beta’s substantial technological head start and
the fact that VHS was neither technically better nor cheaper
(20) than Beta, developers of VHS quickly turned a slight early
lead in sales into a dominant position. Strategic alignments
with producers of prerecorded tapes reinforced the VHS
advantage. The perception among consumers that prere-
corded tapes were more available in VHS format further
(25) expanded VHS’s share of the market. By the end of the
1980’s. Beta was no longer in production.
选项 A、identify problems
B、warn of consequence
C、explain effects
D、evaluate solutions
E、recommend actions
答案E
解析 This question asks you to determine the main purpose served by the second paragraph of the passage in the context of the passage as a whole. The best answer is E. The second paragraph is devoted to the author’s recommendations of certain actions, namely, the adoption of new regulations concerning the holding and selling of stock by institutional investors. Choice A is not the correct answer. The author of the passage identifies a problem-short-term trading done by institutional shareholders-but does so in the first paragraph, not in the second. Choice B is incorrect. In the second paragraph, the author recommends new regulations regarding shareholding by institutions. Although in lines 38-42 the author mentions some consequences of the suggested regulations, the author clearly views these consequences as desirable. Choice C is not correct. The second paragraph contains suggestions about new ways to regulate shareholding by institutions. Although the author asserts that certain effects would result from the proposed regulations, these effects are not explained. Choice D is not correct. The second paragraph proposes measures to solve the problem presented in the first paragraph, but it simply describes, rather than evaluate, these proposed solutions.
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