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  3. Read carefully the following excerpt of a news report, and then write your response in HSMSH NO LESS THAN 200 WORDS, in which yo

Read carefully the following excerpt of a news report, and then write your response in HSMSH NO LESS THAN 200 WORDS, in which yo

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问题     Read carefully the following excerpt of a news report, and then write your response in HSMSH NO LESS THAN 200 WORDS, in which you should:
    (1) summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then
    (2) make specific suggestions as to how to raise people’s awareness of environmental protection by using the plastic bag ban as an example.
    You can support yourself with information from the excerpt.
    Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
    Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.
    Now the trend towards banning plastic shopping bags comes in the wake of new findings regarding the extent and harm of plastic in our environment. Since plastic isn’t biodegradable, it ends up either in landfills or as litter on the landscape and in waterways and the ocean. Plastic can take hundreds of years to decompose and release toxins into the soil and water in the process.
    Littered plastic is also a huge problem for the health of wildlife, as many animals ingest it thinking it is food and can have problems thereafter breathing and digesting. The non-profit Worldwatch Institute reports that at least 267 species of marine wildlife are known to have suffered from entanglement or ingestion of marine debris, most of which is composed of plastic. A recent study on the impact of litter on North Sea wildlife has found that some 90 percent of the birds examined had plastic in their stomachs.
    Another reason for banning plastic bags is their burden on fossil fuel. Plastic is not only made from petroleum: producing it typically requires a lot of fossil-fuel-derived energy. The fact that the use of millions, or even billions of plastic grocery bags each year means we are drilling for or are importing millions of barrels worth of oil and natural gas for a convenient way to carry home a few groceries.
    Environmental groups have continued to push for more plastic bag bans. They argue that using fossil fuel to make something so short-lived, which can blow away at the slightest breeze and pollutes indefinitely, is illogical, particularly when there is a ready alternative: the reusable bag.
选项
答案 How to Ensure the Effectiveness of the Ban on Plastic Bags? Since plastic is non-degradable, plastic bags have long been identified as a major cause of immeasurable damage to fragile ecosystems on land and at sea. They are often used only once, but end up poisoning the land and the water, killing numerous wildlife each year. And what we cannot see directly is the great waste the excessive use of plastic bags has brought about to the already scarce fossil fuel. Now environmental groups around the world are pushing for bans on plastic bags. As for me, to guarantee the effectiveness of these bans, the top priority is to raise people’s awareness of environmental protection. To begin with, the potential damage of plastic products must be broadly publicized so that people are fully aware of it. People prefer plastic bags because they are cheap and convenient, but not everyone knows that it will take hundreds of years for them to decompose. In addition, environmental groups can disseminate the knowledge of how to recycle disposable plastic bags, and some measures can also be taken to encourage people to recycle plastic bags and use eco-friendly alternatives. For instance, customers can get some cash back for depositing used plastic bags in a recycling bin. Besides, governments at various levels must be responsible for the ban to be placed exactly where they should be, so those who violate the ban will face disciplinary action. To sum up, strict enforcement of the ban requires the compliance of the whole public. Only with these joint efforts can we ensure the effectiveness of the ban and achieve green development.
解析 本题所给材料主要分析了使用塑料袋的两大危害：威胁野生动物的健康和消耗过多的化石燃料，并呼吁禁用塑料袋。选段中首先指出，塑料是不可生物降解的，在数百年的分解过程中会向土壤和水释放毒素。第二段指出，塑料垃圾对野生动物的健康产生了威胁。第三段接着指出，大量生产塑料袋给石油和天然气资源带来了沉重的负担。最后提到，环保组织将会继续推动更多的塑料袋禁令，并鼓励使用可重复使用的袋子。本题的写作重点在于首先概括所给材料的观点，然后以禁用塑料袋为例，就“如何提高人们的环保意识”这一话题提出具体建议。
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