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  3. Reducing calories by 30 percent appears to slow the rate of aging in monkeys, providing new evidence that humans might live long

Reducing calories by 30 percent appears to slow the rate of aging in monkeys, providing new evidence that humans might live long

admin2013-07-02  93
问题     Reducing calories by 30 percent appears to slow the rate of aging in monkeys, providing new evidence that humans might live longer by eating less. A study by the National Institutes of Health using about 200 monkeys has shown that a well-balanced diet that includes a sharp reduction in calories caused the animals to have a lower body temperature, a slower metabolism(新陈代谢)and fewer changes in the biochemical markers for aging.

    "This shows that what has been demonstrated in mice also can apply in primates(灵长类动物)," said Dr. George Roth, a scientist at the gerontology research center of the National Institute on Aging. "We have known for 70 years that if you feed laboratory mice less food, they age slower, they live longer and they get diseases less frequently, " he said. "We find that monkey respond in the same way as rodents and that the same biological changes may be in play here. "
    Joseph Kemnitz, a researcher at the primate center at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, said that changing the diets of monkeys in his laboratory had had similar effects but that the study was not finished. "The findings to date from several labs do suggest that the intervention has beneficial effects on health and on reducing age-related diseases and may ultimately extend the life span for primates, " he said.
    Dr. Barbara Hansen of the obesity and diabetes research center at the University of Maryland in Baltimore said that her laboratory had been studying the effects of dietary restriction on the life span of rhesus monkeys(猕猴)for almost 15 years and that the results to date had shown that the monkeys have less illness and obesity. She said it would take at least 10 years to prove that reducing calories extends life. Dr. Hansen said that half of the monkeys on unrestricted diets died prematurely, while only 12.5 percent of those on calorie-restricted died at an early age. Restricting calories, she said, reduced the rates of cancer, heart disease and diabetes in the test animals. Monkeys in the study may live three decades or longer, and a complete test of the hypothesis would require a full monkey lifetime, Dr. Hansen said.
    In the N. I. H. study, Dr. Roth said, monkeys adapted to restricted calories by dropping their temperature by about one degree and slowing the metabolic demands of the body. Dr. Roth said other biochemical measurements also showed that eating less was healthy for the monkeys. "We have monkeys of all different ages, and those on caloric restrict all showed the same drop in temperature along with the other beneficial effects," he said.
    The study is continuing and involves 200 monkeys. Dr. Roth said that the diets of the monkeys included all of the required vitamins and other nutrients but that half of the monkeys received about 30 percent fewer calories than a control group.
What could be the possible meaning of " rodent"(Line 5 , Para. 2)?
选项 A、A kind of animal which can take snakes as an example.
B、A general title for all animals in experiments.
C、Any of various mammals such as a mouse.
D、A collective name for animals like monkeys and apes.
答案C
解析 语义理解题。在第二段中首先提到实验室对老鼠的研究已久，而且对减少卡路里的效果已经是很确定了。其后就提到猴子的反应与rodents相似，所以可以推测该单词的意思应该和“老鼠”有点关系，答案是[C]，“rodent”表示“啮齿动物”。其他选项都不符合语境。
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