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  3. 美国的知识分子 ——2006年英译汉及详解 Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am go

美国的知识分子 ——2006年英译汉及详解 Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am go

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问题 美国的知识分子
——2006年英译汉及详解
Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.
First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual?【F1】I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic way about moral problems. He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained.【F2】His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals—the average scientist, for one.【F3】I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties—he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports.【F4】But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.
The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living.【F5】They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in "public and illustrious thoughts," as Emerson would say, is something else.
【F2】
选项
答案他的作用与法官类似，即他必须承担这样的责任：用尽可能明了的方式来揭示他做出决定的推理过程。
解析 本句考查的重点是：定语从句和介词短语作状语。 主句部分相对容易，而这其中“analogous”算是个难词。但是有上下文“to that(function)of ajudge”，这本身就显示“his function”和“that of a judge”之间是某种类比关系。而此处的“analogous”正是“类似”的意思。定语从句部分则相对较难，也是本句翻译的关键。众所周知，理解长难句的关键是找出主干，who引导的定语从句是一个非限制性定语从句，而且比较长，所以后置翻译。who引导的定语从句是在限定“a judge”。其次，“in as obvious a matter as possible”是状语成分。“which led him to thisdecision”是一个简短的定语从句，可以作为一个修饰成分。
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