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  3. American higher education stands on the brink(边缘) of chaos. 1 have so many spent so long learning so little. The present cri

American higher education stands on the brink(边缘) of chaos. 1 have so many spent so long learning so little. The present cri

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问题     American higher education stands on the brink(边缘) of chaos. 1 have so many spent so long learning so little.
    The present crisis 2 the increasingly widespread acceptance among faculty and administrators of the fatal educational 3 that a student should not be required to do any academic work that 4 him. If a student prefers not to study science or history or literature, he is 5 to attain his degree without studying any science, history, or literature.
    Throughout the country the attempt is being 6 to provide students with what is advertised as a 7 education without requiring of them the necessary self-discipline and hard work. Students have been led to believe they can achieve _8_ effort, that all they need to do in order to obtain a good education is skip (跳跃) casually down the merry road to learning. Unfortunately, that road is no 9 a detour(绕路) to the dead end of ignorance.
    We must realize that becoming an educated person is a difficult, demanding 10 Just as anyone who spoke of intense 11 training as a continuous source of pleasure and delight would be thought a fool, for we all know how much pain and frustration such training involves, so anyone who speaks of intense mental 12 as a continuous source of joy and ecstasy ought to be thought 13 foolish, for such effort also involves pain and frustration. Of course, there can be joy in learning as there can be joy in sport. But in both cases the joy is a result of overcoming genuine 14 and cannot be experienced without sweat.
    And that he 15 well is no reason why he should not be criticized for an 16 performance. Such criticism, when well-founded and constructive, is 17 demeaning (有辱人格的). Yet criticism of any sort is _18_ nowadays. _19_student opinion is given greater arid greater 20 in the evaluation of faculty, professors are busy trying to ingratiate (迎合) themselves with the students.
选项 A、shows up
B、sides with
C、prevails over
D、stems from
答案D
解析 目前的危机是教育原则的结果，所以选stems from，意为“起源于，由……造成”，如：a feeling of hate that stems from envy“由于嫉妒而产生的恨”，其他选项均不符合文意。[A]shows up“使醒目，到场”，如：White shows up well against a blue background．经蓝色的背景衬托，白色显得更加醒目。[B]sides with“支持”，常用于人或团体；[C]prevails over“占优势”，如：Reason prevailed over emotion．理智战胜了情感。
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