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  3. Traditionally, the labor market is seen as a mechanism for pairing people with jobs in which matching cannot take place instantl

Traditionally, the labor market is seen as a mechanism for pairing people with jobs in which matching cannot take place instantl

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问题     Traditionally, the labor market is seen as a mechanism for pairing people with jobs in which matching cannot take place instantly. This way of thinking about the jobs market owes an intellectual debt to research on markets with search frictions carried out by Peter Diamond of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dale Mortensen of Northwestern University and Christopher Pissarides of the London School of Economics. On October 11th they were awarded this year’s Nobel Prize for Economics for their work.     The economists’ approach was a sharp break from the norm in the early 1970s, when standard economic models mostly treated labor as a commodity which had the worker’s wage as its price. There could be no unemployment in the simplest versions of these models, because wages would fall instantly to eliminate it. True, few economists took these simple models literally: lots of research was done to modify their assumptions and generate more realistic results, often by making it harder for wages to fall. But even the modified models took little note of data on how people flowed into and out of employment. The stretches of unemployment, the job hunts, the moves from job to job, the rate at which workers were fired or hired: all this was absent. Mr. Mortensen argued that this needed to change. Investigating the way people actually went about finding jobs in an uncertain environment, he believed, should be a central concern of the analysis of labor markets.
    The three economists built upon earlier work by George Stigler, who had studied the process by which people acquired information, and who won the Nobel prize himself in 1982. Pointing out that getting information costs time and effort, Mr. Stigler argued that people would do so only as long as the additional benefits of having more information exceeded the additional costs of acquiring it. Mr. Mortensen saw this framework as a useful way of thinking about labor markets, because finding employment in a decentralized labor market typically involves gathering and evaluating information on vacancies and wages.
    Mr. Diamond modeled this job-search process in a series of seminal papers written between 1979 and 1982. One was based on the premise that not all jobs are equally suitable for all workers. The first person offered a job might not be as good a match for it as the second or third person. So if every unemployed person grabbed the first job that came his way, the match between workers and jobs that resulted would not be optimal. By making it possible for workers to be more selective about the jobs they accepted, Mr. Diamond showed, unemployment insurance would improve the efficiency of the labor market.  
What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?
选项 A、The more information gathered, the more confused people may feel.
B、People are often in a dilemma about whether to collect information or not.
C、It is usually not wise to accept the first job you are offered.
D、Selective job-hunting leads to efficient match between jobs and people.
答案D
解析 推断题。根据最后一段相关内容，作者认为并非所有的工作都适合所有的人，因此第一个受雇的人未必是最满意的，而第一份工作也未必是最合适的。使寻找工作的过程更有选择性，可以达到人力与岗位的最佳匹配。可见这与[D]论述一致，故[D]为答案。[A]与[B]所述内容都是关于信息收集的。原文关于这个问题的论述在第三段中：人们需要评估收集信息的成本和收益的关系，只有收益高于成本时才会去搜集信息。而[A]说信息越多就越迷惑，不符合原文语义。而文中所说的这条标准已经很好地说明人们如何决定是否搜集信息，故[B]所说的两难境地也不符合原文含义。因此，排除[A]和[B]。[C]将第四段论述绝对化，原文只是说第一份工作不一定是最合适的，不能因此推论接受第一份工作都是不明智的，可见[C]错误。
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