2. 外语
  3. The widespread adoption of the Internet and the Web makes it possible to administer questionnaire surveys electronically .potent

The widespread adoption of the Internet and the Web makes it possible to administer questionnaire surveys electronically .potent

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问题     The widespread adoption of the Internet and the Web makes it possible to administer questionnaire surveys electronically .potentially achieving much greater cost-effectiveness and permitting the integration of data from many sources. At the same time, there are significant technical challenges that must be met, especially in the areas of logistics and sampling. Recognizing the need for innovation in this and related areas, the NSF Methodology, Measurement, and Statistics Program, in collaboration with a consortium of federal statistical a-gencies represented by the Interagency Council of Statistical Policy and the Federal Committee on Statistical Methodology, has held a special competition on survey research methods. Included among the topic areas in the competition announcement is"secure and easy-to-use methods of collecting survey data via the Web".
    Today’s leading social scientific surveys are very expensive interview studies of national samples. For example, the GSS administers a 90-minute face-to-face interview to 1, 500 American adults at a cost bf about $ 500 per interview. However, the respondents are not a title random sample because cost considerations with respect to the interviewer’s travel require that respondents be recruited in a limited number of geographic clusters, and there is no list of residents from which a random sample could be drawn. The small number of geographic areas surveyed limits scientists’ability to link GSS data to other geographically based data such as the U. S. census. Because of the high cost and many research communities that seek time in the GSS, it is impossible to include more than a handful of questions on any particular topic. This prevents the GSS from employing much of the best methodology of measurement scale construction, which requires inclusion of a large number of items. Surveys like the GSS will be needed in future decades to chart the changing social .economic, and political conditions of the American public. But many types of social science will advance more rapidly through surveys administered over the web.
    Web-based surveys can reach very large numbers of respondents at low cost They will be geographically dispersed so that their data can be linked to the census to local economic information, and to data from other web-based surveys. It might not be possible to hold the interviewees’ interest for the full 90-minute questionnaire of the GSS, but shorter duration surveys administered to very large numbers of respondents can in the aggregate include far more items, thereby permitting much finer measurement of scientifically interesting variables. The high cost of major national surveys generally has restricted the topic studied to those that especially require highly representative samples such as family structure and economic status in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and voting behavior in the American National Election Study .data from both of which are now freely available over the web. A vast array of other scientific research areas, therefore, have languished for many years without the large-scale survey data that would permit knowledge to progress.
It is implied in the last sentence that______.
选项 A、many scientific areas stop making breakthroughs for lack of effective data collection
B、scientific research still makes progress without large-scale survey data
C、the progress of knowledge depends on achievements made by all areas of science together
D、scientific research has made little progress before the widespread adoption of the Internet
答案B
解析 文章指出，网络能在科学收集数据方面有所作为，能够促进知识进步。最后一句A vast array ofother scientific research areas，therefore，have languished for many years without the large-scale sur-vey data that would permit knowledge to progress．
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