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  3. You are going to read a text about The Economist’s annual Innovation Awards, followed by a list of concrete information. Choose

You are going to read a text about The Economist’s annual Innovation Awards, followed by a list of concrete information. Choose

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问题     You are going to read a text about The Economist’s annual Innovation Awards, followed by a list of concrete information. Choose the suitable information from the list A-F for each numbered subheading (41-45). There is one extra choice you do not need to use.

    The Economist recognises these talented people through its annual Innovation Awards, presented in six fields: bioscience, computing and communications, energy and environment, business-process innovation, consumer products and a flexible "no boundaries" category. The awards were presented at a ceremony in London on November 9th by John Micklethwait, The Economist’s editor-in-chief.
    And the winners were:
    Bioscience:
    Marvin Caruthers, professor of chemistry and biochemistry at the University of Colorado at Boulder, for the development of automated DNA synthesis—the ability to "print out" arbitrary strands of genetic material.
    (41) Computing and communications:
    a creative individual who dreams up new ideas of computing and communications and turn them into reality.
    (42) Energy and environment:
    a creative individual who dreams up new ideas of energy and environment and turn them into reality.
    (43) No boundaries:
    a creative individual who dream up new ideas of internet and turn them into reality.
    (44) Business-process innovation:
    a creative individual who dreams up new ideas of business-process and turn them into reality.
    (45) Consumer products:
    a creative individual who dreams up new ideas of consumer products and turn them into reality.
    We extend our congratulations to the winners, and our thanks to the judges.

A. Nicolas Hayek, chairman of Swatch, for revitalising the Swiss watch industry. During the 1980s Switzerland’s legendary watch industry fell into decline, with exports falling by half within a decade as a result of Japanese competition. Mr. Hayek’s response was to consolidate the industry to create the Swatch Group. It went on to beat the Japanese at their own game, creating the bestselling watch brand in history and becoming the largest watchmaker in the world, with a quarter of the market.
B. Janus Friis and Niklas Zennstrom of Skype, for the development of internet file-sharing and telephony using peer-to-peer technology, which allows millions of computers to link up over the internet without central co-ordination. In 2000 Messrs Friis and Zennstrom launched KaZaA, which became the dominant means of sharing music and video files, despite attempts by the entertainment industry to shut it down. Skype, launched in 2003, lets users make free phone calls over the internet, forcing traditional telecoms operators to slash their prices.
C. Sam Pitroda, chief executive of WorldTel, for pioneering India’s communications revolution. In 1987 Mr. Pitroda was asked by Rajiv Gandhi, the Indian prime minister, to help democratise access to telecommunications. His response was to deploy instantly recognizable yellow telephone kiosks in every town and village. This helped to release India’s telecoms industry from state control and opened it up to private firms, paving the way for a technology boom. He now promotes similar policies in other countries.
D. Pierre Omidyar, founder and chairman of eBay, for the development of electronic marketplace technology and his promotion of access to markets as a tool for social change. Mr. Omidyar set up eBay in 1995 with the aim of creating a marketplace accessible to any internet user. The business was profitable by 1996. People all over the world buy and sell items in 45,000 categories; some even make a living trading on eBay.
E. Hernando De Soto, founder and president of the Institute for Liberty and Democracy. Mr. De Soto argues that bureaucracy and the lack of formal property rights are major causes of poverty in developing countries. Red tape and the lack of legal title to property, preventing its use as collateral, make it hard for the poor to establish or expand businesses. While serving as economic adviser to the Peruvian government, Mr. de Soto initiated a property-titling scheme which helped 1.2m families. Similar reforms have been implemented in El Salvador, Haiti, Tanzania and Egypt. Mr. de Soto has also championed the use of league tables to shame governments into cutting red tape.
F. Johannes Poulsen, former chief executive, Vestas Wind Systems, for the commercialisation of wind energy. In 1987 Mr. Poulsen took the helm at Vestas, then a small Danish firm with 60 employees. By the time he retired in 2002, Vestas had 5,000 employees and a quarter of the world market for wind turbines. Under Mr. Poulsen, Vestas greatly improved the efficiency of wind turbines, reducing costs and making wind power more competitive.
选项
答案B
解析 B选项开头"for the development of internet file-sharing and telephony using peer-to-peer technology，which allows millions of computers to link up over the internet without central co-ordination"．本题要求找到计算与"通信奖"得主。在备选答案之中"pioneering India’s communications revolution"(引领印度通信革命)；"Mr. Omidyar set up eBay in 1995 with the aim of creating a marketplace accessible to any internet user"．(Omidyar在1995年以创建一个任何因特网用户都可以访问的商务平台为目标创办了eBay)；和"the development of internet file-sharing and telephony using peer-to-peer technology"(开发出了基于点对点技术的因特网文件共享与电话)；这三个选项都提到了网络通信问题，因此干扰性很强，而且如果选错一个，可能导致其他题目也选错，甚至丢6分。但B选项更侧重讲通信价格的下降是由于他们发明了一种计算机新技术，同时结合了计算和通信(computing and communications)，所以B正确。
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