2. 考研
  3. [A]All in all, the numbers suggest that aging is simply different in the active. [B]As it turned out, the cyclists did not s

[A]All in all, the numbers suggest that aging is simply different in the active. [B]As it turned out, the cyclists did not s

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问题     [A]All in all, the numbers suggest that aging is simply different in the active.
    [B]As it turned out, the cyclists did not show their age. On almost all measures, their physical functioning remained fairly stable across the decades and was much closer to that of young adults than of people their age. As a group, even the oldest cyclists had younger people’s levels of balance, reflexes, metabolic health and memory ability.
    [C]Active older people resemble much younger people physiologically, according to a new study of the effects of exercise on aging. The findings suggest that many of our expectations about the inevitability of physical decline with advancing years may be incorrect and that how we age is, to a large degree, up to us. Aging remains a surprisingly mysterious process. A wealth of past scientific research has shown that many bodily and cellular processes change in undesirable ways as we grow older. But science has not been able to establish definitively whether such changes result primarily from the passage of time or result at least in part from lifestyle.
    [D]This conundrum is particularly true in terms of inactivity. Older people tend to be quite sedentary nowadays, and being sedentary affects health, making it difficult to separate the effects of not moving from those of getting older. In the new study, which was published this week in The Journal of Physiology, scientists at King’s College London and the University of Birmingham in England decided to use a different approach. They removed inactivity as a factor in their study of aging by looking at the health of older people who move quite a bit.
    [E]The scientists then ran each volunteer through a large array of physical and cognitive tests. The scientists determined each cyclist’s endurance capacity, muscular mass and strength, pedaling power, metabolic health, balance, memory function, bone density and reflexes. The researchers compared the results of cyclists in the study against each other and also against standard benchmarks of supposedly normal aging. If a particular test’ s numbers were similar among the cyclists of all ages, the researchers considered, then that measure would seem to be more dependent on activity than on age.
    [F]To accomplish that goal, the scientists recruited 85 men and 41 women aged between 55 and 79 who bicycle regularly. The volunteers were all serious recreational riders but not competitive athletes. The men had to be able to ride at least 62 miles in six and a half hours and the women 37 miles in five and a half hours, benchmarks typical of a high degree of fitness in older people.
    [G]Some aspects of aging did, however, prove to be ineluctable. The oldest cyclists had less muscular power and mass than those in their 50s and early 60s and considerably lower overall aerobic capacities. Age does seem to reduce our endurance and strength to some extent, Dr. Harridge said, even if we exercise. But even so, both of those measures were higher among the oldest cyclists than would be considered average among people aged 70 or above.
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答案D
解析 试题中首段已给出，研读后我们得知首段末句提出问题：但科学一直未能明确发生这些变化的主要原因是时间的推移还是(至少从一定程度上说)个人的生活方式。这就说明下文会对这个问题进行解答。D项首先指出，在考虑运动量不足这个因素时，这个谜题显得尤其复杂难解。This conundrum(这个谜题)正是对第一段最后一句的回应，然后文章接着从生活方式角度出发，讲述了老年人的一种不良生活习惯：喜欢久坐不动。为了排除这种生活习惯的影响，新研究决定选择坚持大量运动的健康老年人作为实验对象。故D项与首段衔接顺畅，为正确答案。
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