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  3. Thanks to more than 50 years of research, we know how to change children’s behavior. In brief, you identify the unwanted behavio

Thanks to more than 50 years of research, we know how to change children’s behavior. In brief, you identify the unwanted behavio

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问题     Thanks to more than 50 years of research, we know how to change children’s behavior. In brief, you identify the unwanted behavior, define its positive opposite(the desirable behavior you want to replace it with), and then make sure that your child engages in a lot of reinforced practice of the new behavior until it replaces the unwanted one. Reinforced practice means that you pay as much attention as possible to the positive opposite so that your child falls into a pattern: Do the right behavior, get a reward(praise or a token); do the behavior, get a reward. Real life is never as mechanically predictable as that formula makes it sound, and many other factors will bear on your success—including your relationship with your child, what behaviors you model in your home, and what influences your child is exposed to in other relationships—but, still, we know that reinforced practice usually works. If you handle the details properly, in most cases a relatively brief period of intense attention to the problem, lasting perhaps a few weeks, should be enough to work a permanent change in behavior.
    So, yes, you can change your child’s behavior, but that doesn’t mean you always should. When faced with an unwanted behavior, ask yourself if changing a behavior will really make a worthwhile difference in your child’s life and your own. Many unwanted behaviors, including some that disturb parents, tend to drop out on their own, especially if you don’t overreact to them and reinforce them with a great deal of excited attention. Take thumb sucking, which is quite common up to age 5. At that point it drops off sharply and continues to decline. Unless the dentist tells you that you need to do something about it right now, you can probably let thumb sucking go.
    Now, we’re not saying that you should ignore lying or stealing or some other potentially serious misbehavior just because it will probably drop out on its own in good time. There’s an important distinction to be made here between managing behavior and other parental motives and duties. Parents punish for several reasons—to teach right and wrong, to satisfy the demands of justice, to establish their authority—that have little to do with changing behavior. You can’t just let vandalism go without consequences, and it’s reasonable to refuse to put up with even a lesser offense such as undue whining, but don’t confuse punishing misbehavior with taking effective steps to eliminate it. Punishment on its own(that is, not supplemented by reinforced practice of the positive opposite)has been proven again and again to be a fairly weak method for changing behavior. The misbehaviors in question, minor or serious, are more likely to drop out on their own than they are to be eliminated through punishment.
By mentioning "thumb sucking", the author wants to prove that______.
选项 A、some behaviors are common before the age of 5
B、children will stop some behaviors as they grow
C、many behaviors only happen when children drop out
D、some parents overreact to their children’s behavior
答案B
解析 属逻辑关系题。作者讲到吮拇指这种行为就是为了说明随着孩子的成长，一些坏习惯就不再发生了，故选项B符合题意。选项A犯了偷换概念的错误，文中只是说吮拇指这种行为在孩子5岁之前比较常见，并非很多行为都是如此。选项C犯了曲解文意的错误，文中提到“dropout”指的是坏习惯消失，而非孩子退学，故错误。选项D非常具有迷惑性，不要对孩子的不良行为反应过度是这些行为自行消失的一个条件，而本段重点是强调这些行为会自行消失而非消失的条件，故错误。
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