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  3. Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960’s when the Small Business Administration (SBA) began making federal

Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960’s when the Small Business Administration (SBA) began making federal

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问题    Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960’s when the Small Business Administration (SBA) began making federally guaranteed loans and government-sponsored management and technical assistance available to minority business enterprises. While this program enabled many minority entrepreneurs to form new businesses, the results were disappointing, since managerial inexperience, unfavorable locations, and capital shortages led to high failures rates. Even 15 years after the program was implemented, minority business, receipts were not quite two percent of the national economy’s total receipts.
   Recently federal policymakers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the minority business sector by moving away from directly aiding small minority enterprises and toward supporting larger, growth-oriented minority firms through intermediary companies. In this approach, large corporations participate in the development of successful and stable minority businesses by making use of government-sponsored venture capital. The capital is used by a Minority Enterprise Small Business Investment Company or MESBIC. The MESBIC then provides capital and guidance to minority businesses that have potential to become future suppliers or customers of the sponsoring company.
   MESBIC’s are the result of the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available. Further, since potential markets for the minority busineses already exist through the sponsoring companies the minority businesses face conisderably less risk in terms of location. Following early financial and operating problems, sponsoring corporations began to capitalize MESBIC’s far above the legal minimum of $ 500,00 in order to generate sufficient income and to sustain the quality of management needed. MESBIC’s are now emerging as increasingly important financing sources for minority enterprises.
   Ironically, MESBIC staffs, which usually consist of Hispanic and Black professionals, tend to approach investments in minority firms more pragmatically than do many MESBIC directors, who are usually senior managers from sponsoring corporations. The latter often still think mainly in terms of the "social responsibility approach" and thus seem to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant. Such differences in viewpoint have produced uneasiness among many minority staff members, who feel that minority entrepreneurs and businesses should be judged by established business considerations. These staff members believe their point of view is closer to the original philosophy of MESBIC’s and they are concerned that, unless a more prudent course is followed, MESBIC directors may revert to policies likely to recreate the disappointing results of the original SBA approach.
The passage provides information that would answer which of the following questions?
选项 A、What was the average annual amount, in dollars, of minority business receipts before the SBA strategy was implemented?
B、What locations are considered to be unfavorable for minority businesses?
C、What is the current success rate for minority businesses that are capitalized by MESBIC’s?
D、How has the use of federal funding for minority businesses changed since the 1960s?
答案D
解析 该题问：文中回答了下面哪个问题？A项意为“SBA实行前少数民族企业的平均收入是多少?”，显然本文没有提及。B项意为“哪些地理位置被认为对少数民族企业不合适?”，本文没有提及。C项意为“被MESBIC所资助的少数民族企业成功率现在是多少?”，本文没有提及。D项意为“60年代以来联邦对少数民族企业资助怎么变化?”，这也是原文所说SBA到MESBIC的变化。因此D项为正确选项。
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