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  3. By the end of the Middle Ages the technological systems called cities had long since become a central feature of Western life. I

By the end of the Middle Ages the technological systems called cities had long since become a central feature of Western life. I

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问题     By the end of the Middle Ages the technological systems called cities had long since become a central feature of Western life. In 1600 London and Amsterdam each had populations of more than 100,000, and twice that number【1】in Paris. Also, the Dutch, English, Spanish, and French were beginning to【2】global empires.【3】and trade produced a【4】merchant class that helped to【5】an increasing desire for such【6】as wine, coffee, tea, cocoa, and tobacco. These merchants set a【7】of life aspired to by the wider populace.【8】the beginning of the 18th century, capital resources and banking systems were well enough established in Great Britain to【9】investment in mass-production【10】that would satisfy some of these middle-class aspirations.
    The Industrial Revolution【11】in England, because that nation had the technological means, government encouragement, and a large and varied trade【12】. The first factories【13】in 1740, concentrating on【14】production. In 1740 the majority of English people wore woolen garments, but【15】the next 100 years the rough, often waterlogged and unhealthy woolens were【16】by cotton—especially after the【17】of the cotton gin(轧棉机)by Eli Whitney, an American, in 1793.
    One of the most important innovations in the weaving process was【18】in France in 1801 by Joseph Jacquard; his loom used cards with holes punched in them to determine the placement of threads in the warp(弯曲). This use of punched cards inspired the British mathematician Charles Babbage to attempt to【19】a calculating machine based on the same principle. Although this machine never became fully practical, it【20】the great computer revolution of the 20th century.
【2】
选项 A、developed
B、exploited
C、loomed
D、completed
答案A
解析 选项A表示“发展”。本题考查词义辨析。根据文章意思：“Dutch，English，Spanish以及French正开始发展全球帝国。”而develop指“事物在一段时期内‘成长、发育、发展’，朝成熟、扩大、提高的方向前进，可以是自然界中的生长发育过程，也可以是人类社会中的发展、进步过程”，其可表示时间上的“发展”，符合原文意思。而选项B“exploit开拓，开发”，选项C“loom在织机上织；隐约地出现；赫然耸现；(战争、威胁等)阴森地逼近”，选项D“complete表示积极、圆满地完成了所要做的一切事情，侧重于赋予成品以完整性，宾语往往为建筑、工程、书籍、学业等，常用于被动语态；该词还可表达‘使……完备(完美、完善)’的含义”均不符合题意。
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