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  3. Cigarette smoking is a health hazard of sufficient importance in the United States to warrant appropriate remedial action. It wa

Cigarette smoking is a health hazard of sufficient importance in the United States to warrant appropriate remedial action. It wa

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问题     Cigarette smoking is a health hazard of sufficient importance in the United States to warrant appropriate remedial action. It was 50 years ago this month that America’s surgeon-general sounded that warning, marking the beginning of the end of cigarette manufacturing—and of smoking itself— as a respectable activity. Some 20m Americans have died from the habit since then. But advertising restrictions, smoking bans and stigma have had their effect: the proportion of American adults who smoke has dropped from 43% to 18% ; smoking rates among teenagers are at a record low. In many other countries the trends are similar.
    The current surgeon-general, Boris Lushniak, marked the half-century with a report on January 17th, declaring smoking even deadlier than previously thought. He added diabetes, colorectal cancer and other ailments to the list of ills it causes, and promised "end-game strategies" to stamp out cigarettes altogether.
    Were that to happen America’s three big tobacco firms, Altria, Reynolds and Lorillard, could be snuffed out, too. Public health officials plot the same fate for multinationals that supply other markets. The hit list includes Philip Morris International(PMI), which along with Altria makes Marlboro, the top-selling global brand; Japan Tobacco; and British American Tobacco and Imperial Tobacco of Britain.
    They are a hardy group, unlikely to be frightened. But the methods they have used to withstand a half-century of battering by regulators may be losing power. In the rich world, where the economy is stagnant, smokers are trading down to cheaper puffs. The regulatory climate in developing countries is becoming more hostile. New technologies such as e-cigarettes promise to deliver nicotine less riskily. Big tobacco firms may master them, but it would be a radical shift, similar to converting the car industry from internal-combustion engines to battery power. David Adelman of Morgan Stanley, an investment bank, does not " see anything that’s reversing the conventional tobacco business model. " But the model needs adjustment.
    Some reasons for Mr Adelman’s confidence are sound. Advertising bans and the industry’s status prevent would-be competitors. When cigarette-makers raise prices, smokers cough up. Global consumption keeps rising, thanks largely to population growth in poorer countries. The cigarette giants indulge investors with big dividends atnd share buy-backs; they have flocked to tobacco share.
According to Paragraph 1, which one is NOT true?
选项 A、Smoking restrictions are effective in America.
B、Cigarette smoking causes many deaths in America.
C、An increasing number of people are smoking outside America.
D、Smoking rates among grown-ups and adolescents have dropped.
答案C
解析 选项[A]大意为：美国的吸烟禁令有了效果。该项对应第一段第四句：But adver-tising restrictions，smoking bans and stigma have had their effect．由此我们得知该项表述正确。选项[B]意为：在美国，吸烟导致许多人死亡。该项对应第三句：Some 20m Americans havedied from the habit since then．(从那时起，大约2000万美国人死于这个习惯(指吸烟)。)故我们知道该项表述正确。选项[C]意为：除美国以外，吸烟人口数量越来越多。该项对应最后两句：the proportion of American adults who smoke has dropped from 43％to 18％；smoking ratesamong teenagers are at a record low．In many other countries the trends are similar．其中最后一句的in many other countries对应outside America，“the trends are similar”说明其他国家吸烟人数也在减少，与该项表述完全相反，故该项错误。选项[D]意为：成年人和青少年吸烟率下降了。该项对应“American adults who smoke has dropped from 43％to 18％：smoking rates among teenagers are at a record low．”一句，该项表述正确。综上所述，答案为[C]。
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