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  3. Prolonging Human Life 1 Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have

Prolonging Human Life 1 Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have

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问题                         Prolonging Human Life
1 Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion.
2 Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have another child.
3 In most contemporary societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often " go on welfare" if they have a serious illness.
4 When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations , although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions arc good, most of them are simply "dumping grounds" for the dying in which "care" is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under-skilled personnel.
A The old people are heavy load for the society.
B Prolonging human life may lead to population explosion.
C How to prolong human life.
D Dependency load caused by prolonging human life.
E Increased birthrate helps prolong human life.
F How the old people are cared for when they are getting weak in contemporary society.
Paragraph 1______
选项
答案B
解析 文章第一段提出了延长寿命会造成地球人口数量的增加的观点，并解释了导致这一现象的原因。因此答案应当选择选项B。
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