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  3. Not too many decades ago it seemed "obvious" both to the general public and to sociologists that modem society has changed peopl

Not too many decades ago it seemed "obvious" both to the general public and to sociologists that modem society has changed peopl

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问题      Not too many decades ago it seemed "obvious" both to the general public and to sociologists that modem society has changed people’s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the "obvious" is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.
     Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.
     These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community’s population size and its social heterogeneity. For in- stance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.
Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph?
选项 A、Two contrasting views are presented.
B、An argument is examined and possible solutions given.
C、Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time.
D、A detailed description of the difference between urban and small-town life is given.
答案A
解析 文章结构题。文章第一段第一句指出：公众和社会学家都认为这是一个“显而易见”的事实，即现代社会已经改变了人们的社会关系，人们与亲朋、邻里之间的关系不再密切，取而代之的是与不断结识的人之间的肤浅关系。这样提出两种对立的观点。接着又指出：然而，最近几年越来越多的研究机构揭示“显而易见”并不真实。可见第一段只是提出了两种不同的观点，由此可见，选项A是正确答案。
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