A、An educated population. B、A large supply of goods and services. C、A large number of publications. D、An industrialized society.

Let’s turn our focus now to advertising. We all know what an advertisement is, it’s essentially a message that announces something for sale. Now, there is an important precondition that must exist before you have advertising, and that’s a large supply of consumer goods, that is, things to sell. You see, in the place with a demand for product that is greater than the supply, there’s no need to advertise. Now, the early form of advertising going back many hundreds of years with a simple sign there were shop doors that told you whether the shop was a bakery, a butcher shop or what have you, then was the advent of the printing crest. Advertising increased substantially as products like coffee, tea, and chocolate appeared in newspapers and other periodicals as well as on the sides of the buildings. In the American colonies, advertising in communication’s media like newspapers and pamphlets became a major factor in marketing goods and services. By modern standards, these early advertisements were quite small and subdued, not the splash sheet whole page spreads of today, still some of them appeared on the front page of newspapers, probably because the news often consist of less and fresh reports from distant Europe, for the ads were current or local. Advertising really came into its own and became a central part of doing business, during the industry revolution, suddenly there was a much greater supply of things to sell. And as we said earlier, that is the driving force behind advertising. People’s attention had been drawn to the new product. Let’s take a look at some of the advertisements from that time.
15. What is the main topic of the talk?
16. According to the speaker, what is the important precondition for advertising?
17. According to the speaker, what was the first advertisement?
18. What did the early advertisements look like?