2. 外语
  3. Odysseus answered well when the priests showed him a picture of those who had honored the gods and then escaped shipwreck, and a

Odysseus answered well when the priests showed him a picture of those who had honored the gods and then escaped shipwreck, and a

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问题 Odysseus answered well when the priests showed him a picture of those who had honored the gods and then escaped shipwreck, and asked him whether he did not now acknowledge the power of the gods. "Yes," he asked, "but where are those pictured who were drowned after their prayers?" And such is the way of all superstitions; wherein humans, having a delight in such vanities, mark the events there they are fulfilled, but where they fail, though this happens much oftener, neglect and pass them by. Which one of the following contains the error of reasoning described by the author in the passage?
选项 A、I have discovered that Friday the 13th really is a day of misfortune. Just this past Friday, the 13th, I locked myself out of the house.
B、Although Napoleon and Alexander the Great were short, Abraham Lincoln and Charies de Gaulle were tall. So short people seek leadership in order to overcome feelings of inferiority.
C、Every semester for the past 15 years, an average of 10 percent of Ms. Elliot’s history students have dropped her course before the exam. So, it seems likely that we can expert 10 percent to drop out this year.
D、No reliable observer has ever actually seen a yeti. The strongest evidence seems to be some suspicious tracks. So I think this search for a yeti is probably a wild-goose chase.
E、I cannot trust my lucky shirt any longer, I wore it to the game today and our team lost.
答案A
解析 作者段落中描述的推理错误是根据不具备代表性的证据得出了错误的结论。(A)仅仅因为被锁在了门外这一片面的事实，就做出了5月13日是不吉利的错误结论显然与作者文中描述的推理错误一致，因此(A)为正确答案；本题的(E)是比较容易误选的选项，但是应注意的是我们的队今天输了得出幸运衬衫不幸运的结论是正确的，因为幸运衬衫本身就无幸运可言；(B)犯了证据和结论在逻辑上不具相关性的推理错误；(C)选项用的是归纳论证法；(D)选项用的是演绎论证法。wild—goose chase n．荒谬无益的追求
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