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  3. To say that cheats never prosper is to elevate hope over experience. Modern technology, in the form of miniature cameras, smart

To say that cheats never prosper is to elevate hope over experience. Modern technology, in the form of miniature cameras, smart

admin2012-08-05  85
问题     To say that cheats never prosper is to elevate hope over experience. Modern technology, in the form of miniature cameras, smart phones and the Internet, means stealing answers and sharing them has never been easier. Indeed, the problem has got very bad. However, technology allows cheats to be detected more easily than before. An arms race has thus developed between cheats and exam setters.
    Data-forensics (鉴定) software, developed by exam-setting firms like Prometric, of Baltimore, Maryland, and Caveon, of Midvale, Utah, detects cheating by calculating the probabilities of particular patterns of answers being honest. This software exploits the relentless logic of combinatorial statistics. A correct answer is a correct answer, of course, but unless a candidate answers all questions correctly (itself an event that might at least raise suspicions), the mix of right and wrong answers provides information that can point to collaboration. If two candidates’ patterns of answers are similar or identical, warning flags go up. If more than two, hanky-panky (作弊) is a rising certainty.
    In tests where the candidate is allowed to change his mind about an answer, the pattern of changes also provides information. Several candidates making the same change is suspicious. So is a case where all changes are from wrong to right.
    Sudden improvements in scores by an individual candidate, compared with previous attempts, also raise an electronic eyebrow—particularly if the new result is from a different exam hall. Crossing an international border to take a test is suspicious, too, and doubly so if it is from a place generally reckoned clean to one generally reckoned corrupt. American candidates who fly all the way to, say, India, for their exams may thus find themselves with some explaining to do.
    A company called Kryterion scrutinises matters even more closely than that. Kryterion administers its tests online, and the invigilators (监考官) sit at its headquarters in Phoenix, Arizona, watching test-takers around the world through webcams and never meeting them in person. The opportunities for envelopes stuffed with banknotes to change hands are thus minimised. Software that recognises facial features and keystroke rhythms stops candidates being impersonated by professional exam sitters. Remote computers are "locked down" with security software, to prevent unauthorised windows from being opened. Invigilators warn or disqualify test-takers whose eyes or hands wander in suspicious ways. And the software also alerts them if difficult questions are being answered suspiciously quickly, or if two test-takers’ answers match too closely for comfort.
It’s a suspicious event when some candidates make all changes______.
选项
答案from wrong to right
解析 信息明示题。本题考查识别作弊的另外一种情况，由So引出的倒装句表示此处的情况与前面的相同。联系上一句可知，将所有错误答案改为正确答案与几名考生做同样的修改一样，都有作弊的嫌疑，故答案为from wrong to right。
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