首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
American Race to the Moon The roots of America’s plan to land a man on the moon can be found outside of the country. Althoug
American Race to the Moon The roots of America’s plan to land a man on the moon can be found outside of the country. Althoug
admin
2013-04-25
113
问题
American Race to the Moon
The roots of America’s plan to land a man on the moon can be found outside of the country. Although never directly mentioned in its official motto, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was established as a direct result of the Soviet space program’s successful launching of Sputnik 1, the first man-made satellite, on October 4th, 1957. The U.S. Congress, worrying that the country was about to lose its technological edge over the rest of the world, demanded drastic action. Dwight D. Eisenhower, then president, waited only a few months before creating a new government agency responsible for all non-military activity in space. On July 29th, 1958, the president signed the National Aeronautics and Space Act, creating NASA. The outside world continued to have an effect. The technology initially used by NASA came in large part from the German rocket program of the Second World War. Wernher von Braun, who was recruited by the Americans at the end of the war, is today considered the father of the United States space program.
NASA began operations on October 1st, 1958, and was made up of four laboratories as well as about eight thousand employees from the already 43-year-old National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. The history of the new organization can be divided into various phases, each related to a specific program. The first experiments undertaken as part of Program Mercury were designed simply to discover if humans could actually survive a round-trip voyage into space. This involved the construction of 20 spacecraft, each large enough to hold one astronaut. On a very basic level, NASA needed to test what worked and what didn’t. They made numerous unmanned launches, many of them resulting in explosions, as well as four separate launch attempts that included small creatures. The first was a small monkey. By 1961, NASA’s Program Mercury successfully placed Alan Shepard into space, but for only fifteen minutes.
This milestone quickly led to the Apollo Project. The initial idea was to get a human close to the Moon, but not actually on it. There were too many unknowns about the surface of the Moon to plan a safe landing. On February 20th, 1962, John Glenn piloted the Friendship 7 for five hours in orbit around the Earth. NASA had finally learned how to get a human into space, and most importantly, keep him there. This was the crucial step necessary: they had created the ability to stay in space long enough to really figure out what to do there. The objectives of the mission changed drastically, however, when President John E Kennedy told the nation on May 25th, 1961, that America would instead focus on a manned mission to and from the Moon, and that these missions would be possible by the end of the decade.
(A) Many people worried about the money that would be spent, feeling that it would be better used for other purposes.
(B) Others continued to see the program in relation to the rest of the world.
(C) They worried that NASA did not seem to have any valuable military use and openly questioned the idea of spending money on rockets that could not be used to defend the country.
(D) Kennedy managed to convince both sides of the project’s benefits. He assured people that the mission would provide jobs and resources to different states throughout the country as well as specific advances in rocket technology. Kennedy stressed the value of dual-use technology, which could be used for both military and non- military purposes.
Instead of sending a person to space and back again, which required only one lift-off from Earth followed by a landing, the Apollo Project now entailed an Earth lift-off, followed by a landing on the Moon, another lift-off, and then a final Earth landing. The Gemini Program, therefore, was created to collect information and perfect techniques that would make the Apollo Project possible. Using a series of eleven orbital flights, NASA was able to show that humans could survive in space for days and that two separate vehicles could meet and join while in orbit. It took eight years and numerous attempts before NASA finally reached its goal. On July 20th, 1969, Buzz Aldrin and Nell Armstrong, members of the Apollo Project, became the first humans to walk on the surface of the Moon.
The word "initial" in the passage could best be replaced by
选项
A、indented.
B、former.
C、original.
D、suggeste
答案
C
解析
词汇题 initial的意思是“最初的;开始的”,选项中original(起初的,原先的)与其最接近。
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/KiyO777K
0
托福(TOEFL)
相关试题推荐
Studentsoncourseslastingoverayearareusuallygivenuntil______toleavethecountry.
Arborealnestsoftenfeaturecarton______constructedbytermites.Usinghot,dryairfromoutsideto______asubterraneanc
Whereisthestudentfrom?Whydoesthisproblemexist?
"ResearchMethodology"Closescientificmethodbasedonempiricalevidence(=(21))Findaresearchproblemorques
"ResearchMethodology"Closescientificmethodbasedonempiricalevidence(=(21))Findaresearchproblemorques
Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.IfAmericanshadanextradayperweek,theywouldspendit
ENDANGEREDSPECIESAlthoughwecannotdoanythingabouttheplantsandanimalsthatarealready【31】________,wecandosomething
ENDANGEREDSPECIESAlthoughwecannotdoanythingabouttheplantsandanimalsthatarealready【31】________,wecandosomething
ENDANGEREDSPECIESAlthoughwecannotdoanythingabouttheplantsandanimalsthatarealready【31】________,wecandosomething
随机试题
在中长跑比赛中,跑到一定距离时,会出现胸部发闷、呼吸节奏被破坏、呼吸困难、四肢无力和难以再跑下去的感受,这种现象被称为“极点”。下面对“极点”理解错误的是()。
英国的开放大学
髋关节前脱位,患肢呈外展、外旋、屈曲畸形。
在肺癌单侧锁骨上淋巴结照射时,错误的是
按红细胞形态分类,缺铁性贫血属于
桥梁工程基坑施工中,基坑外如需堆土时,堆土应距基坑边缘1m以外,堆土高度不得超过()。
海关对某加工贸易企业进行稽查时发现,该企业曾利用假手册骗取加工贸易的税收优惠。根据海关对加工贸易企业实行分类管理的有关规定,该企业属于()。
流通加工作用主要表现在()。
科普影评的作者应寻找科学与电影的交汇点,将科普和艺_________,启迪思想。他们将前沿领域研究成果,结合电影转化为更轻松易懂的文字,面向更多读者。填入划横线部分最恰当的一项是
所谓(),即法律的强制实施都是通过法定时间与法定空间上的步骤和方式而得以进行的。
最新回复
(
0
)