2. 外语
  3. —Read the article below about cost. —Choose the best word to fill each gap, from A, B, C or D. —For each question 19—33, mark on

—Read the article below about cost. —Choose the best word to fill each gap, from A, B, C or D. —For each question 19—33, mark on

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问题 —Read the article below about cost.
—Choose the best word to fill each gap, from A, B, C or D.
—For each question 19—33, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.
—There is an example at the beginning.

                                Cost as a Factor in Supply
    In a purely competitive market, the supplier of goods and services has no control over the market price, because he produces too little to influence market conditions. With no difference between his product and the products (19)______ his competitors, he will sell nothing if he charges above the market price and he will sell all if he charges at or below the market price. However, in considering the price, be must take cost of production (20)______. There are times when he may be willing to sell below his cost. This might happen when prices tumble for (21)______ a short time. However, no business person can  (22)______ lose money for a prolonged (延长的) period. He must  (23)______ of his costs in relation to the market price if he is to compete successfully and earn a profit.
    Many people have the impression that  (24)______ production increases, costs per unit decrease. (25)______ mass production has made this true in certain industries and at certain levels of production,  (26)______ logic and practical experience have shown that costs per unit begin to rise beyond a certain level of production. Some economists  (27)______ this principle as the law of increasing costs.
    The reason why (28)______ rise as production goes up is complex. However, it is easy to recognize that as production goes up, the need for additional factors of production will also grow, resulting (29)______ competitive bidding (出价) in the marketplace for the factors of production. If a producer needs  (30)______ skilled labour to produce more, and none of this labour is unemployed, the producer will have to get  (31)______ from other sources. This can be done by (32)______ higher wages. Higher bidding would also apply to the other factors of production. We must also recognize that not all labour is equally productive,  (33)______ not all land is equally fertile (肥沃的) and not all ore is equally rich in the mineral wanted.

选项 A、afford ’to
B、be affordable
C、be afforded to
D、have afforded
答案A
解析 afford在这里的意思是：经得起(做某事，或发生某事)。这个句子的意思是：然而，没有哪个商人能经得起长时期的赔钱。例如：We couldn’t afford to ignore the problem of pollution。我们可不能忽视污染的问题。affordable：(价格)付得起的，不贵的。例如：The store sells things which are very affordable．那家商店的东西不贵。afford to中的to不能省略，它引出动词不动式，所以D是错误的选择。但afford后可直接跟名词，意为；付得起(钱或时间)。例如：They couldn’t afford the medical treatment．他们付不起治疗费。
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