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  3. The first practical measure of intelligence, and in its modem form still widely used, was developed by the French psychologist A

The first practical measure of intelligence, and in its modem form still widely used, was developed by the French psychologist A

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问题 The first practical measure of intelligence, and in its modem form still widely used, was developed by the French psychologist Alfred Binet, His study of children’s mental abilities began when he noticed that his two daughters walked differently and wondered whether they might also think differently. He and his co-worker set about devising a way to test their intellectual performance. Binet’s method was based on the simple observation that the intellectual performance of a child increases with age. By testing children of various ages, he could discover the intellectual milestones that marked each age.
    In 1905, at the request of the Paris school authorities who wanted a means of identifying children who were slow learners, Binet prepared the forerunner (雏形) of the modem intelligence test. Binet’s test consists of 30 questions corresponding in difficulty to the varying abilities of children between the ages of 3 and 13. The questions ranged from simple tasks, such as asking children to identify their eyes, nose, and mouth, to more complex activities, such as constructing a sentence around certain words. The questions were arranged so that a three-year-old child would be expected to answer progressively more difficult ones.
    Binet was able to establish standards of performance by first giving the test to a sample composed of children of varying ages. He then carefully recorded their scores and specified norms—the distribution of scores obtained by children at different ages. Thus, a child’s intelligence was operationalized(转化为) as the number of items he or she was able to answer correctly. The level achieved indicated the child’s mental age (MA). For example, if a child successfully completed all those items typically answered by the average five-year-old and none above that level, the child’s MA was said to be five years.
A child’s MA was established by ______.
选项 A、finding out the number of correct answers
B、comparing the correct answers with the norms
C、comparing it with his real age
D、finding out the ratio of correct answers to the total items
答案B
解析 第三段讲了智力年龄(MA)的测定方式，文中的例子可以清楚地说明这一点：如果一个孩子成功地回答了五岁孩子应该回答到的问题，那么他的智力年龄就是五岁；五岁的孩子所能答到的问题就是选项B中的norm(标准)
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