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  3. The business practices of America will have you in the office from nine in the morning to five in the evening, if not longer. Mu

The business practices of America will have you in the office from nine in the morning to five in the evening, if not longer. Mu

admin2022-11-05  101
问题     The business practices of America will have you in the office from nine in the morning to five in the evening, if not longer. Much of the world, though, prefers to take a nap. And research presented to the AAAS (American Academy of Arts and Sciences) meeting in San Diego suggests it may be right to do so. Matthew Walker and his colleagues at the University of California, Berkeley, have found that they probably have better memory, too. A post-meal snooze, Dr Walker has discovered, sets the brain up for learning.
    The role of sleep in consolidating memories that have already been created has been understood for some time. Dr Walker has been trying to extend this understanding by looking at sleep’s role in preparing the brain for the formation of memories in the first place. He was particularly interested in a type of memory called episodic memory, which relates to specific events, places and times. This contrasts with procedural memory, of the skills required to perform some sort of mechanical task, such as driving. The theory he and his team wanted to test was that the ability to form new episodic memories deteriorates with increasing wakefulness, and that sleep thus restores the brain’s capacity for efficient learning.
    They asked a group of 39 people to take part in two learning sessions, one at noon and one at 6pm. On each occasion the participants tried to memorize and recall 100 combinations of pictures and names. After the first session they were assigned randomly to either a control group, which remained awake, or a nap group, which had 100 minutes of monitored sleep. Those who remained awake throughout the day became worse at learning. Those who napped, by contrast, actually improved their capacity to learn, doing better in the evening than they had at noon. These findings suggest that sleep is clearing the brain’s short-term memory and making way for new information.
    The benefits to memory of a nap, says Dr Walker, are so great that they can equal an entire night’s sleep. He warns, however, that napping must not be done too late in the day or it will interfere with night-time sleep. Moreover, not everyone awakens refreshed from a nap. The dazedness that results from an unrefreshing nap is termed "sleep inertia". Sara Mednick, from the University of California, San Diego, suggests that non-habitual nappers suffer from this more often than those who snooze regularly. It may be that those who have a tendency to wake up dazed are choosing not to nap in the first place. Perhaps, though, as in so many things, it is practice that makes perfect.
What is true about the relationship between sleep and memory?
选项 A、People who often take a nap have a better memory.
B、Sleep consolidates memory that has been understood.
C、Sleep improves the formation of procedural memory.
D、Sleep can strengthen people’s short-term memory.
答案A
解析 根据题干中的sleep和memory可定位到第二段和第三段。第三段第五句说，有午睡的人学习能力实际上提高了，晚上的表现比中午好。说明经常小睡的入学习能力得到提高，因此记忆力也更好，所以可推断A项正确。根据第二段第一句，睡眠能强化已经created“产生的”记忆，而不是understood“已被理解的”记忆，所以可排除B项。根据第二段第五句，形成新的片段记忆的能力随着不眠的增加而下降，也就是睡眠影响的是episodic memory“片段记忆”的形成，而不是procedural memory“程序化记忆”，所以C项错误。根据第三段第六句，小睡可以帮助clearing“清除”短期记忆，为新信息让道，D项说的睡眠可以strengthen“强化”人们的短期记忆与此恰恰相反。
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