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  3. Autism is a strange condition. Sometimes its symptoms of "social blindness"(an inability to read or comprehend the emotions of o

Autism is a strange condition. Sometimes its symptoms of "social blindness"(an inability to read or comprehend the emotions of o

admin2016-03-21  59
问题     Autism is a strange condition. Sometimes its symptoms of "social blindness"(an inability to read or comprehend the emotions of others)occur alone. This is called high-functioning autism, or Asperger’s syndrome. Though their fellow men and women may regard them as a bit odd, high-functioning autists are often successful(sometimes very successful)members of society. On other occasions, though, autism manifests as part of a range of cognitive problems. Then, the condition is declining.
    What is common to those on all parts of the so-called autistic spectrum is that they are more often men than women—so much more often that one school of thought suggests autism is an extreme manifestation of what it means, mentally, to be male. Boys are four times more likely to be diagnosed with autism than girls are. For high-functioning autism, the ratio is seven to one.
    Moreover, what is true of autism is true, to a lesser extent, of a lot of other neurological and cognitive disorders. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is diagnosed around three times more often in boys than in girls. "Intellectual disability" , a catch-all term for congenital low IQ, is 30 - 50% more common in boys, as is epilepsy. In fact, these disorders frequently show up in combination. For instance, children diagnosed with an autistic-spectrum disorder often also receive a diagnosis of ADHD.
    Autism’s precise causes are unclear, but genes are important. Though no mutation which, by itself, causes autism has yet been discovered, well over 100 are known that make someone with them more vulnerable to the condition.
    Most of these mutations are as common in women as in men, so one explanation for the divergent incidence is that male brains are more vulnerable than female ones to equivalent levels of genetic disruption. This is called the female-protective model. The other broad explanation, social-bias theory, is that the difference is illusory. Girls are being under-diagnosed because of differences either in the ways they are assessed, or in the ways they cope with the condition, rather than because they actually have it less. Some researchers claim, for example, that girls are better able to hide their symptoms.
According to the last paragraph, some researchers reckon that______.
选项 A、female autists are better disguisers
B、women’s brains are more vulnerable
C、there are actually less female autists
D、girls are better at hiding their feelings
答案A
解析 根据题干定位到最后一段最后一句的some researchers claim，本题答案来自最后一句：girls are better able to hide their symptoms．“女孩更擅长隐藏她们的症状”。选项[A]female autists are better disguisers“女性自闭症患者是更好的伪装者”与原文表述相同，故正确。选项[B]women’s brains are more vulnerable“女性大脑更加脆弱”不仅与该段第二行male brains are more vulnerable than female ones相反，也不属于答案来源范围，该项错误。选项[C]there are actually less female autists“实际上女性自闭症患者更少”对应该段倒数第二句rather than because they actually have it less，该项与rather than“而不是”相悖，故该项也错误。选项[D]girls are better at hiding their feelings“女孩更擅长隐藏她们的情感”，而原文说的是symptoms“症状”，不是feelings“情感”，该项属于偷换概念。综上，本题答案为[A]。
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