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  3. Beginning in the 1950s and 1960s, Japan began developing a reputation for its longevity. By the 1970s, the Japanese were the lon

Beginning in the 1950s and 1960s, Japan began developing a reputation for its longevity. By the 1970s, the Japanese were the lon

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问题    Beginning in the 1950s and 1960s, Japan began developing a reputation for its longevity. By the 1970s, the Japanese were the longest lived of any population in the world. Although genetic predispositions and cultural factors like diet certainly contributed to the long life span of the Japanese, it was the country’s kaihoken, or universal health care, that was largely responsible for boosting quality of life and increasing the country’s life expectancy. In recognition of 50 years of kaihoken, the medical journal Lancet recently published a special issue exploring Japanese longevity. Unfortunately, it’s not all good news.
   Even though Japan continues to have the highest life expectancy in the world, it is on track to be outpaced by other long-lived countries, like Sweden, Italy and Australia. Researchers believe that relatively high rates of tobacco use, changes in diet that have raised body-mass index, and the rising rate of suicide are contributing to Japan’s slowing declines in rates of adult mortality (死亡率). "If recent trends continue, other nations are likely to achieve lower rates of adult mortality than Japan," said Professor Christopher Murray of the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle. He added that Japan’s universal health care system may not be sufficiently nimble enough to address mounting 21st-century health problems. "In an era of economic stagnation, political turmoil (混乱), aging populations and inadequate tobacco control, Japan does not seem to be effective in addressing its new set of health challenges. It will take more than universal access to a low-spending, high-volume health system to tackle these challenges."
   Physical illness is not the only drag on the country’s life expectancy: more than 30 000 Japanese people take their own lives each year, perhaps the continuing aftereffect of the 1997 financial crisis. Still, the biggest health challenge facing the Japanese is related to lifestyle factors like cigarette smoking, obesity and uncontrolled blood pressure—all of which contribute to chronic health problems that tax the public health care system. That system is already strained by the demands of an aging populace (人口) and by injuries associated with recent natural disasters.
By the 1970s, Japan had the highest life expectancy mainly because the Japanese______.
选项 A、possessed exceptional genes for longevity
B、benefited from the universal health care system
C、were more careful with the quality of life
D、paid great attention to diets and physical health
答案B
解析 由题干中的By the 1970s和the highest life expectancy定位到第一段第二、三句。定位句提到，到20世纪70年代，日本成为世界上最长寿的国家。尽管遗传倾向和饮食习惯之类的文化因素无疑促成了日本人长寿，但是日本所实行的全民医疗保健体系极大地改善了生活质量，并提高了这个国家的人口预期寿命。由此可知B)为正确答案。
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