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  3. School shootings across the country continue to discuss the story of the student who is outcast by fellow peers and decides to l

School shootings across the country continue to discuss the story of the student who is outcast by fellow peers and decides to l

admin2011-02-25  77
问题     School shootings across the country continue to discuss the story of the student who is outcast by fellow peers and decides to lash out. These reports may leave some wondering if ostracism is a legitimate cause for violence. Kip Williams believes it is. Williams, a professor of psychology at Purdue University, recently came to campus to speak about the effects of being ostracized. These effects can be distressing, but they often go unnoticed, he said. "I would have rather been beaten or bullied than be ignored," Williams said, reflecting on what some of the participants in his experiments felt after they were left out of a game of toss. "Even two minutes of invisibility is painful," he said.
    Ostracism, the act of ignoring or excluding, is a phenomenon not only found in the adult world, according to Williams. Children play simple games which leave peers out without being taught to do so. Even animals use forms of ostracism, Williams said. Lions, wolves and bees, for example, use the tactic to keep out burdensome members of their groups, which often results in death for the excluded member. Exclusion among humans can be similarly detrimental, he said.
    Williams conducted a computer game of toss, and showed the results for those who did not receive
the ball. Their angry, disappointed and saddened faces showed just how important inclusion is in human interaction. In another experiment, the excluded participants had no control over loud noises entering their headphones. The result was that they chose to act out against fellow participants.
    That lack of control is what Williams believes triggers aggression. "When control is robbed, then people don’t care about how they are being liked anymore," Williams said. "They just want to establish control by being recognized. People are more likely to be violent in order to get that recognition," Williams said.
    His research has found that people are generally ostracized at least once a day, like the waiter who refills water glasses without notice, or the person who sits next to you on the bus without a glance. These interactions may not seem like much, but Williams asserts that even the slightest situations in which people feel invisible can have a negative impact on them. In his studies, a total of 70 percent of people said they had been given the "silent treatment" by their loved ones.
The central concept of the passage "ostracism" most probably refers to ______.
选项 A、the problem of distressing experienced by school students
B、the phenomenon of some students being excluded by peers
C、the violence happening on campus witnessed by students
D、the issue of some students unwilling to communicate with peers
答案B
解析 词义题；由于涉及全文的关键词，需要我们对文章的内容有一个全局的观点。对于这种类型的题目，如果在解答的过程中遇到困难，可以稍微放一放。具体到这个题目，误选C的考生可能对文章一开头“School shootings across the country”产生了误解，其实仔细阅读和分析之后，我们可以看到，“the story of the student who is outcast by fellow peers and decides to lash out”才是这篇文章真正关注的话题，后面的一些细节信息诸如“Even two minutes of invisibility is painful”更加明确了文章在探讨的是校园里被人排斥这样一种现象，所以B选项是正确答案。
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