2. 外语
  3. Human beings, born with a drive to explore and experiment, thrive on learning. Unfortunately, corporations are oriented predomin

Human beings, born with a drive to explore and experiment, thrive on learning. Unfortunately, corporations are oriented predomin

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问题 Human beings, born with a drive to explore and experiment, thrive on learning. Unfortunately, corporations are oriented predominantly toward controlling employees, not fostering their learning. Ironically, this orientation creates the very conditions that predestine employees to mediocre performances. Over time, superior performance requires superior learning, because long-term corporate survival depends on continually exploring new business and organizational opportunities that can create new sources of growth.
To survive in the future, corporations must become "learning organizations," enterprises that are constantly able to adapt and expand their capabilities. To accomplish this, corporations must change how they view employees. The traditional view that a single charismatic leader should set the corporation’s direction and make key decisions is rooted in an individualistic worldview. In an increasingly interdependent world, such a view is no longer viable. In learning organizations, thinking and acting are integrated at all job levels. Corporate leadership is shared, and leaders become designers, teachers, and stewards, roles requiring new skills: the ability to build shared vision, to reveal and challenge prevailing mental models, and to foster broader, more integrated patterns of thinking. In short, leaders in learning organizations are responsible for building organizations in which employees are continually learning new skills and expanding their capabilities to shape their future.
The primary purpose of the passage is to
选项 A、endorse a traditional corporate structure
B、introduce a new approach to corporate leadership and evaluate criticisms of it
C、explain competing theories about management practices and reconcile them
D、contrast two typical corporate organizational structures
E、propose an alternative to a common corporate approach
答案E
解析 Main idea
This question depends on understanding the passage as a whole. The first paragraph explains the way in which corporations fail to facilitate how humans learn. The second paragraph suggests that corporations should change the way they view employees in order to promote learning, and it explains the positive outcomes that would result from that shift in thinking.
A The first paragraph explains that the traditional corporate structure leads to mediocre performance; it does not endorse that structure.
B The second paragraph introduces the concept of a learning organization and its attendant approach to corporate leadership. Rather than identifying any criticisms of that approach, the passage endorses it wholeheartedly.
C The passage discusses the difference between the idea of a single charismatic leader and that of a shared corporate leadership, but it does not attempt to reconcile these two ideas.
D The passage’s main focus is on advocating a particular approach, not on merely contrasting it with another. Furthermore, it portrays only one of the approaches as typical. It suggests that the organizational structure that relies on a single charismatic leader is typical but that another approach, that in which leadership is shared, should instead become typical.
E Correct. The passage identifies a common corporate approach, one based on controlling employees, and proposes that corporations should instead become learning organizations.
The correct answer is E.
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