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  3. For fans of bitcoin, a digital currency, the year got off to a volatile start. On January 5th one bitcoin changed hands for near

For fans of bitcoin, a digital currency, the year got off to a volatile start. On January 5th one bitcoin changed hands for near

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问题     For fans of bitcoin, a digital currency, the year got off to a volatile start. On January 5th one bitcoin changed hands for nearly $ 1,150—almost as much as the record set three years ago. It has since dropped by 33%. 【F1】 Elsewhere in the land of monetary bits, things move more slowly but trouble is brewing; a potential patent war looms over the blockchain, a distributed ledger that authenticates and records every bitcoin transaction.
    Heated fights over intellectual property are nothing new in promising technology markets. 【F2】 But given that the blockchain is expected to shake up everything from the way precious diamonds are safeguarded to the way shares are traded, the legal fights could be especially fierce.
    On the face of it, the blockchain does not lend itself easily to staking out intellectual-property claims. 【F3】 Bitcoin’s creator, known only by his pseudonym, Satoshi Nakamoto, published a paper about his invention, coded the first implementation and then disappeared—meaning that the core of the technology is now part of the public domain and only important additions and variations could be patented. And the blockchain’s components are widely known. In America court decisions as well as a new law on the granting of patents make it difficult to claim ownership for such financial innovations.
    This hasn’t stopped firms from trying to get patent protection on meaningful improvements to the blockchain, including security and encryption techniques, says Colette Reiner Mayer of Morrison & Foerster, a law firm. 【F4】 Applications are now becoming public, because America’s patent office must release them 18 months after they are filed. A search of Espacenet, a global database, yields 36 hits; hundreds more are said to be in the pipeline.
    Financial firms are among the most assiduous filers: MasterCard, for instance, is seeking four payment-related patents; Goldman Sachs has put in for one outlining a distributed ledger that can process foreign-exchange transactions. Startups, including Coinbase, Chain and 21 Inc, have been busy, too.
    Only a very few patents have been issued so far. 【F5】 And known applicants all say that they intend to use patents only "defensively" , meaning to protect themselves against lawsuits. Still, legal battles look likely; incumbent banks may go after newcomers, and "non-practising entities" (also known as "patent trolls") may attempt to shake down other firms. It could slow the pace of innovation, warns Brian Behlendorf of Hyperledger, an umbrella group for several blockchain-related projects.
【F1】
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答案在数字货币的其他领域，变化较为迟缓，但问题正在酝酿之中：一场针对区块链(一种分布式分类账，用以认证并记录每一次比特币交易)的专利战一触即发。
解析 本句是复杂句。该句主干为things move more slowly，but引导转折状语从句，冒号后为同位语从句，解释说明trouble。其中a distributed ledger(分类账)that authenticates and records every bitcoin(比特币)transaction，为blockchain的解释。本句在翻译时，为了保证主干的流畅，采用了用括号注释的方法，解释blockchain，这样更符合译人语的文化。全句翻译完之后，考生一定要再检查一遍，作出相应的调整，最终成文。校核主要有三个方面：一是检查译文是否忠实于原文。通过把译文和原文对照往往能发现问题；二是检查译文本身是否通顺或表达清楚。把译文通读一遍，如果觉得读起来很别扭或者有歧义，那很有可能是翻译不通或表达不清楚，适当增减词或调整语序通常能解决这一问题；三是检查译文是否有笔误。是否有漏洞，是否有代词未转译，时态是否译出，数字、日期是否译错，标点符号是否用错等。
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