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  3. An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted—the trouble is，no one knows which half．In the internet age，

An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted—the trouble is，no one knows which half．In the internet age，

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问题 An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted—the trouble is，no one knows which half．In the internet age，at least in theory，this fraction can be much reduced．By watching what people search for，click on and say online，companies can aim“behavioral”ads at those most likely to buy．
    In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine grainedinformation：should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioral ads?Or should they have explicit permission?
    In December 2010 America’s Federal Trade Commission(FTC)proposed adding a“do not track”(DNT)option to internet browsers，so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed．Microsoft’s Internet Explorer and Apple’s Safari both offer DNT；Google’s Chrome is due to do so this year．In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance(DAA)agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests．
    On May 31 st Microsoft set off the row：It said that Internet Explorer 10，the version due to appear in Windows 8，would have DNT as a default．
    Advertisers are horrified．Human nature being what it is，most people stick with default settings．Few switch DNT on now，but if tracking is off it will stay off．Bob Liodice，the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers，one of the groups in the DAA，says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences．“People will not get fewer ads．”he says．“They’ll get less meaningful，less targeted ads．”
    It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond．Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking，although some companies have promised to do so．Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioral ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default．some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway．
    A1so unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone．After all，it has an ad business too，which it says will comply with DNT requests，though it is still working out how．If it is trying to upset Google，which relies almost wholly on advertising，it has chosen an indirect method：there is no guarantee that DNT bv default will become the norm．DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for
    Windows 8—though the firm has compared some of its other products favorably with Google’s on that count before．Brendon Lynch，Microsoft’s chief privacy officer，blogged：“we believe consumers should have more control．”Could it really be that simple?
    请回答下列问题。
“The industry”(Para．3)refers to__________．
选项 A、online advertisers
B、e-commerce conductors
C、digital information analysis
D、internet browser developers
答案D
解析 含义题。the industry在第三段指代前面出现过的内容，而前面提到的Microsoft’s Interact Explorer、Apple’s Safair和Google’s Chrome都是D项中的“interact browser developers(浏览器开发商)”。A项“网上广告商”、B项“电子商务主导者”以及C项“数字信息分析”，均与原文不符。故本题选D。
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