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  3. In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model

In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model

admin2012-02-27  64
问题     In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic (运动的) molecular theory, in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion.
    A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory.  If observations confirm the scientists’ predictions, the theory is supported.  If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected.
    Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments. Facts by themselves are not science. As the mathematician Jules Henri Poincare said: "Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science anymore than a pile of bricks can be called a house. "
    Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination.  Possible solutions to the problem are formulated. These possible solutions are called hypotheses. In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientist’s thinking beyond the known facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations, and makes observations to test hypotheses.  For without hypotheses, further investigation lacks purpose and direction. When hypotheses are confirmed, they are incorporated into theories.
In the fourth paragraph, the author implies that imagination is most important to scientists when they ______.
选项 A、gather known facts
B、formulate possible solutions to a problem
C、evaluate previous work on a problem
D、close an investigation
答案B
解析 本题是推理题。想象之所以重要是因为它能提供各种假定，而These possible solutions are called hypotheses，因此假定又为问题的解决提供了可能的解决办法，所以B选项是正确答案。
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