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  3. When considering risk factors associated with serious chronic diseases, we often think about health indicators such as cholester

When considering risk factors associated with serious chronic diseases, we often think about health indicators such as cholester

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问题    When considering risk factors associated with serious chronic diseases, we often think about health indicators such as cholesterol, blood pressure, and body weight. But poor diet and physical inactivity also each increase the risk of heart disease and have a role to play in the development of some cancers. Perhaps worse, the【C1】______effects of an unhealthy diet and insufficient exercise are not limited to your body. Recent research has also shown that【C2】______in a high-fat and high-sugar diet may have negative effects on your brain, causing learning and memory【C3】______.
   Studies have found obesity is associated with impairments in cognitive functioning, as【C4】______by a range of learning and memory tests, such as the ability to remember a list of words presented some minutes or hours earlier. There is also a growing body of evidence that diet-induced cognitive impairments can emerge【C5】______—within weeks or even days. For example, one study found healthy adults【C6】______to a high-fat diet for five days showed impaired attention, memory, and mood compared with a low-fat diet control group. Another study also found eating a high-fat and high-sugar breakfast each day for as little as four days resulted in problems with learning and memory【C7】______to those observed in overweight and obese individuals.
   Body weight was not hugely different between the groups eating a healthy diet and those on high fat and sugar diets. So this shows negative【C8】______of poor dietary intake can occur even when body weight has not changed【C9】______Thus, body weight is not always the best indicator of health and a thin person still needs to eat well and exercise【C10】______.
   A) assessed F) designated K) loopholes
   B) assigned G) detrimental D rapidly
   C) consequences H) digestion M) redundant
   D) conspicuously I) excelling N) regularly
   E) deficits J) indulging O) similar
【C1】
选项
答案G
解析 [语法判断]空格前面是定冠词the，后面是名词effects，因此空格处需要填入形容词。[语义判断]空格前一句提到，不良饮食和缺乏运动会增加患心脏病的风险，并在某些癌症的发展中起作用。两句衔接处用到了worse一词，可见空格所在句表达递进的意思，也是要说负面的影响。由此确定形容词detrimental“不利的，有害的”为本题答案，故选G)。
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