2. 考研
  3. After taking his dog for a walk one day in the early 1940s, George de Mestral, a Swiss inventor, became curious about the seeds

After taking his dog for a walk one day in the early 1940s, George de Mestral, a Swiss inventor, became curious about the seeds

admin2020-03-31  45
问题     After taking his dog for a walk one day in the early 1940s, George de Mestral, a Swiss inventor, became curious about the seeds of the burdock plant that had attached themselves to his clothes and to the dog’s fur. Under a microscope, he looked closely at the hook-and-loop system that the seeds have evolved to hitchhike on passing animals and aid pollination, and he realised that the same approach could be used to join other things together. The result was Velcro: a product that was arguably more than three billion years in the making, since that is how long the natural mechanism that inspired it took to evolve.
    Velcro is probably the most famous and certainly the most successful example of biological mimicry, or "biomimetics". In fields from robotics to materials science, technologists are increasingly borrowing ideas from nature, and with good reason: nature’s designs have, by definition, stood the test of time, so it would be foolish to ignore them. Yet transplanting natural designs into man-made technologies is still a hit-or-miss affair.
    Engineers depend on biologists to discover interesting mechanisms for them to exploit, says Julian Vincent, the director of the Centre for Biomimetic and Natural Technologies at the University of Bath in England. So he and his colleagues have been working on a scheme to enable engineers to bypass the biologists and tap into nature’s ingenuity directly, via a database of "biological patents". The idea is that this database will let anyone search through a wide range of biological mechanisms and properties to find natural solutions to technological problems.
    Surely human intellect, and the deliberate application of design knowledge, can devise better mechanisms than the mindless, random process of evolution. Far from it. Over billions of years of trial and error, nature has devised effective solutions to all sorts of complicated real-world problems. Take the slippery task of controlling a submersible vehicle, for example. Using propellers, it is incredibly difficult to make refined movements. But Nekton Research, a company based in Durham, North Carolina, has developed a robot fish called Madeleine that manoeuvres using fins instead.
    In some cases, engineers can spend decades inventing and perfecting a new technology, only to discover that nature beat them to it. The Venus flower basket, for example, a kind of deep-sea sponge, has spiny skeletal outgrowths that are remarkably similar, both in appearance and optical properties, to commercial optical fibres, notes Joanna Aizenberg, a researcher at Lucent Technology’s Bell Laboratories in New Jersey. And sometimes the systems found in nature can make even the most advanced technologies look primitive by comparison, she says.
Velcro is a product that______.
选项 A、attaches itself through humans and animals
B、is a completely natural mechanism made from seeds
C、joins things together using the hook-and-loop system
D、uses the hook-and-loop system to attach itself on humans and animals
答案C
解析 属细节题。第一段第二句指出：在显微镜下，乔治仔细观察种子通过进化所具有的粘在动物身上帮它们授粉的勾环系统，他意识到可以采用同样的方法把物品粘起来，于是就产生了Velcro(维可牢尼龙搭扣)。所以答案为C。A项意思是“把自己粘在人或动物身上的东西”，明显不对。B项在原文找不到依据。D项后半部分犯了与A项同样的错误。
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.kaotiyun.com/show/Gn1Z777K
0

考研英语一

相关试题推荐
随机试题
最新回复(0)